Table 1.

Overview of the omics and classical studies published to understand stress response mechanism of male gametophyte in different plant species.

Order	Plant species	Temperature (°C)/duration of exposure (h/d)	Effect on pollen	References
Poales	Brachypodium distachyon	32°C	Decline in pollen viability, retention of pollen in anthers and pollen germination	Harsant et al. (2013)
		36°C	Abortion of microspores by the uninucleate stage, aberrations in tapetal development and degeneration	Harsant et al. (2013)
	Hordeum vulgare	30°C	Aberrations in tapetal development and degeneration	Abiko et al. (2005)
	Oryza sativa	33°C	Reduced fertility and seed set	Ziska et al. (1996)
	Triticum aestivum	> 5°C above ambient temperature	Reduction in pollen production and viability	Stone & Nicolas (1995)
		30°C/3 d	Tapetum degeneration	Saini et al. (1984)
	Zea mays	38°C	Affected pollen–stigma interactions	Mitchell & Petolino (1988)
		35/25°C	Irregular tetrads	Begcy et al. (2019)
Vitales	Vitis vinifera	> 35°C	Alternative splicing	Jiang et al. (2017)
Fabales	Cicer arietinum	35/20°C	Reduced pollen germination and tube growth	Devasirvatham et al. (2012)
		45/35°C	Decreases the concentration of soluble sugars in the anther walls of developing and mature pollen grains	Ismail & Hall (1999)
	Phaseolus vulgaris	32/27°C/1–5 d	Decreases the concentration of soluble sugars in the anther walls of developing and mature pollen grains	Suzuki et al. (2001)
	Pisum sativum	35°C/4–7 d	Reduced pollen viability and the proportion of ovules that received a pollen tube	Jiang et al. (2019)
	Vigna unguiculata	33/20°C	Aberrations in tapetal development and degeneration	Ahmed et al. (1992)
Rosales	Pyrus bretschneideri	Low temperature of 4°C	Inhibits pollen tube growth	Gao et al. (2014)
	Rosa sp.	36°C/48 h	Alterations in male meiotic chromosome behaviour resulting in meiotically restituted dyads and triads	Pecrix et al. (2011)
Brassicales	Arabidopsis thaliana	30–32°C	Alterations in cross‐over distribution and induction of male meiotic restitution	De Storme & Geelen (2020)
Malvales	Gossypium hirsutum	> 30°C	Pollen sterility and abortion	Ismail & Hall (1999)
Malpighiales	Populus tremula	38°C	Large spherical grains and pollen abortion	Wang et al. (2017)
Caryophyllales	Fagopyrum esculentum	30°C	Ovules more sensitive compared to pollen grains	Płażek et al. (2019)
Solanales	Nicotiana tabacum	Heat	Altered the structure of cytoskeletal network of pollen tubes	Parrotta et al. (2016)
	Solanum lycopersicum	43–45°C/2 h	Reduced viability	Muller & Rieu (2016)
		50°C/2 h	Decrease in germination rate	Firon et al. (2012), Jegadeesan et al. (2018)