Table 1.
Within‐studies comparison of anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenols and tocopherols content in microgreens of Brassica grown under different LED light features (light spectrum, intensity, and photoperiod)
| REFERENCES | SPECIES | LIGHTING TREATMENT | SPECIALIZED METABOLITES | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard LED light features | Specific LED light features | Anthocyanins | Carotenoids | Phenols | Tocopherols | ||
| Brazaitytė et al., 2019 73 | Brassica juncea (Red Lion) | 10 h day−1, 300 μmol m−2 s−1, Ra:Ba:FRa | UVa‐A (366 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯b | ◯◯◯b | ◯◯ | ◯ |
| UV (390 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯ | ◯◯ | ◯◯ | |||
| UV (402 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | |||
| Standard light (Control) | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯ | ◯◯ | |||
| B. juncea (Red Lion) | 16 h day−1, 300 μmol m−2 s−1, R:B:FR | UV‐A (366 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯ | ◯◯ | ◯◯ | |
| UV (390 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | |||
| UV (402 nm) = 12.4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | |||
| Standard light (Control) | ◯◯◯ | ◯ | ◯◯ | ◯ | |||
| Craver et al., 2017 63 | Brassica oleracea (Gongylodes) | 16 h day−1, R:B = 87:13 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | |
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | ||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | ||||
| B. oleracea (Gongylodes) | 16 h day−1, R:FR:B = 84:7:9 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | ||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | ||||
| B. oleracea (Gongylodes) | 16 h day−1, R:Ga:B = 74:18:8 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯ | ||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | ||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ◯ | ||||
| Brassica rapa (Japonica) | 16 h day−1, R:B = 87:13 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| B. rapa (Japonica) | 16 h day−1, R:FR:B = 84:7:9 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| B. rapa (Japonica) | 16 h day−1, R:G:B = 74:18:8 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| B. juncea (Garnet Giant) | 16 h day−1, R:B = 87:13 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| B. juncea (Garnet Giant) | 16 h day−1, R:FR:B = 84:7:9 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| B. juncea (Garnet Giant) | 16 h day−1, R:G:B = 74:18:8 | 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| 210 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| 315 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| Samuolienė et al., 2019 56 | B. rapa (Japonica) | 16 h day−1, 300 μmol m−2 s−1, R:B = 5:1 | FR = 4 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯ | |||
| FR = 4 μmol m−2 s−1, G = 15 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m−2 s−1, Y = 15 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m−2 s−1, Oa = 15 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ||||||
| B. oleracea (Green) | 16 h day−1, 300 μmol m−2 s−1, R:B = 5:1 | FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, G = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, Y = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, O = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ||||||
| B. oleracea (Delivery purple) | 16 h day−1, 300 μmol m−2 s−1, R:B = 5:1 | FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, G = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, Y = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| FR = 4 μmol m‐2 s−1, O = 15 μmol m‐2 s−1 | ◯ | ||||||
| Samuolienė et al., 2017 45 | B. juncea c (Red Lion) | 16 h day−1, R (660 nm) = 170 μmol m−2 s−1, FR = 2.5 μmol m−2 s−1 | R (638 nm) = 130 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯◯ | ||
| B = 25 μmol m−2 s−1, R (638 nm) = 105 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯ | |||||
| B = 50 μmol m−2 s−1, R (638 nm) = 80 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯◯ | |||||
| B = 75 μmol m−2 s−1, R (638 nm) = 55 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯◯ | ◯◯ | |||||
| B = 100 μmol m−2 s−1, R (638 nm) = 30 μmol m−2 s−1 | ◯◯ | ◯ | |||||
a
UV = ultraviolet; R = red; B = blue; G = green; Y = yellow; O = orange; FR = far‐red.
b
Three dots represent the best performance among all treatments of the same study, one dot represents the worst performance among all treatments of the same study. In case of study treatments with similar effects, three dots were assigned to all treatments.
c
Confronted with Beta vulgaris and Petroselinum crispum.