Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrating factors providing a significant contribution to the prediction of need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion within the first 12 months of age (n = 103) and need for bladder catheterization and not being able to walk independently at 30 months of age (n = 59) in children with fetal open spina bifida repaired prenatally using percutaneous fetoscopy
| CSF diversion | Bladder catheterization* | Not able to walk independently | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| Independent variable | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P |
| Prenatal predictors | ||||||||||
| Intercept | — | — | 0.01 (0.003–0.05) | < 0.001 | — | — | — | — | 0.31 (0.13–0.66) | 0.004 |
| GA at fetoscopy (in weeks)† | 1.22 (0.91–1.67) | 0.184 | — | — | 0.92 (0.61–1.40) | 0.704 | 1.22 (0.82–1.87) | 0.335 | — | — |
| Fetoscopy < 26.0 weeks | 0.54 (0.21–1.31) | 0.179 | — | — | 1.07 (0.35–3.21) | 0.909 | 0.70 (0.23–2.08) | 0.525 | — | — |
| Ultrasound findings | ||||||||||
| Anatomical level of lesion | ||||||||||
| Low | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Intermediate or high | 2.65 (1.20–5.99) | 0.017 | 2.42 (0.98–6.11) | 0.057 | 0.80 (0.27–2.32) | 0.687 | 7.14 (2.34–24.19) | 0.001 | 5.25 (1.59–18.78) | 0.008 |
| Myeloschisis | 2.56 (1.02–6.72) | 0.049 | 4.91 (1.71–15.33) | 0.004 | 1.31 (0.40–4.22) | 0.647 | 0.89 (0.27–2.84) | 0.850 | — | — |
| Larger LV diameter (in mm)‡ | 1.30 (1.14–1.52) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (1.18–1.62) | < 0.001 | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 0.183 | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 0.128 | — | — |
| Larger LV diameter ≥ 15 mm | 4.90 (1.91–13.85) | 0.001 | — | — | 1.87 (0.58–6.09) | 0.293 | 3.71 (1.14–13.64) | 0.036 | — | — |
| Bilateral talipes | 1.37 (0.45–4.11) | 0.572 | — | — | 0.62 (0.12–2.53) | 0.525 | 15.50 (2.60–297.98) | 0.012 | 9.52 (1.40–191.69) | 0.048 |
| Postnatal predictors | ||||||||||
| Intercept | — | — | 0.64 (0.36–1.09) | 0.103 | — | — | — | — | 0.37 (0.17–0.74) | 0.007 |
| GA at birth (in weeks)† | 0.93 (0.81–1.06) | 0.301 | — | — | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 0.714 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 0.746 | — | — |
| Surgery–delivery interval (in weeks)† | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) | 0.097 | — | — | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 0.867 | 0.99 (0.80–1.21) | 0.888 | — | — |
| Findings at birth | ||||||||||
| Reversal of HH | 1.21 (0.25–6.47) | 0.809 | — | — | 1.91 (0.23–40.01) | 0.586 | 0.80 (0.09–7.07) | 0.830 | — | — |
| CSF leakage | 2.96 (0.77–14.39) | 0.132 | — | — | 1.68 (0.36–7.89) | 0.495 | 0.35 (0.05–1.67) | 0.220 | — | — |
| Bilateral talipes | 0.51 (0.17–1.45) | 0.219 | 0.28 (0.08–0.95) | 0.048 | 0.39 (0.06–1.83) | 0.275 | 5.25 (1.13–37.73) | 0.052 | — | — |
| Functional motor level | ||||||||||
| Low | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — | Reference | — |
| Intermediate or high | 1.60 (0.73–3.58) | 0.244 | 2.84 (1.12–7.70) | 0.033 | 2.08 (0.71–6.27) | 0.184 | 9.18 (2.84–34.47) | < 0.001 | 9.18 (2.84–34.47) | < 0.001 |
*
Multivariate analysis did not identify any significant predictors of need for bladder catheterization at 30 months.
†
Per 1‐week increase.
‡
Per 1‐mm increase above 10 mm.
GA, gestational age; HH, hindbrain herniation; LV, lateral ventricle; OR, odds ratio.