Table 1.
Association of median preoperative plasma level of endoglin with clinicopathologic characteristics in 1036 patients treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
| Variable | Median plasma endoglin level, ng/ml (IQR) | Stratified by median preoperative plasma level of endoglin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall (N = 1036) |
31.4 (20.0–39.2) | p value |
Low ≥ 3.142 μg/ml (N = 515) |
High < 3.142 μg/ml (N = 521) |
p value | |
| Age | 67 (60, 73) | ‐ | ‐ | 67 (61, 73) | 66 (59, 72) | 0.2 |
| Gender | 0.71 | 0.8 | ||||
| Male | 814 (79%) | 31.4 (19.6–39.1) | 406 (79%) | 408 (78%) | ||
| Female | 222 (21%) | 31.5 (22.2–40.2) | 109 (21%) | 113 (22%) | ||
| Blood transfusion | 0.26 | >0.9 | ||||
| No | 768 (74%) | 31.5 (19.7–39.1) | 381 (74%) | 387 (74%) | ||
| Yes | 268 (26%) | 31.4 (20.4–39.9) | 134 (26%) | 134 (26%) | ||
| Thrombocytosis | 0.047 | 0.2 | ||||
| No | 923 (89%) | 31.2 (19.6–39.0) | 465 (90.3%) | 458 (88%) | ||
| Yes | 923 (89%) | 33.5 (23.7–41.7) | 50 (9.7%) | 63 (12%) | ||
| Hypoalbuminemia | 0.06 | 0.2 | ||||
| No | 891 (86%) | 31.1 (19.9–39.0) | 450 (87%) | 441 (85%) | ||
| Yes | 145 (14%) | 33.9 (21.8–40.0) | 65 (13%) | 80 (15%) | ||
| Clinical tumor grade | >0.9 | |||||
| G2 | 6 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | |||
| G3 | 1022 (99%) | ‐ | ‐ | 510 (99%) | 512 (99%) | |
| Unknown | 8 | 2 | 6 | |||
| Clinical tumor stage | 0.01 | 0.006 | ||||
| cTa | 23 (2.2%) | 31.7 (13.3–39.6) | 11 (2.1%) | 12 (2.3%) | ||
| cTis | 105 (10%) | 29.2 (19.4–39.1) | 54 (11%) | 51 (9.9%) | ||
| cT1 | 336 (33%) | 29.9 (20.2–37.9) | 184 (36%) | 152 (29%) | ||
| cT2 | 498 (48%) | 32.7 (19.5–39.7) | 233 (45%) | 265 (51%) | ||
| cT3 | 38 (3.7%) | 37.3 (30.2–43.4) | 11 (2.1%) | 27 (5.2%) | ||
| cT4 | 29 (2.8%) | 23.5 (21.0–40.1) | 20 (3.9%) | 9 (1.7%) | ||
| Unknown | 7 | 40.4 (27.1–47.7) | 2 | 5 | ||
| Pathological tumor grade | 0.05 | 0.2 | ||||
| G1 | 62 (6.0%) | 35.3 (24.1–41.5) | 25 (4.9%) | 37 (7.1%) | ||
| G2 | 11 (1.1%) | 19.4 (13.9–38.5) | 7 (1.4%) | 4 (0.8%) | ||
| G3 | 963 (93%) | 31.3 (19.6–39.1) | 483 (94%) | 480 (92%) | ||
| Pathological tumor stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| pT0 | 62 (6.0%) | 35.3 (24.1–41.5) | 25 (4.9%) | 37 (7.1%) | ||
| pTa | 22 (2.1%) | 43.1 (14.1–48.6) | 9 (1.7%) | 13 (2.5%) | ||
| pTis | 131 (13%) | 24.6 (11.1–36.9) | 72 (14%) | 59 (11%) | ||
| pT1 | 162 (16%) | 27.1 (12.7–37.4) | 96 (19%) | 66 (13%) | ||
| pT2 | 248 (24%) | 27.3 (17.7–36.3) | 164 (32%) | 84 (16%) | ||
| pT3 | 281 (27%) | 33.3 (26.0–39.1) | 103 (20%) | 178 (34%) | ||
| pT4 | 130 (13%) | 38.6 (23.2–46.1) | 46 (8.9%) | 84 (16%) | ||
| Positive soft tissue surgical margins | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 941 (91%) | 30.8 (19.3–38.8) | 483 (93.8%) | 458 (88%) | ||
| Yes | 95 (9.2%) | 35.6 (25.7–43.7) | 32 (6.2%) | 63 (12%) | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion | <0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
| No | 741 (72%) | 30.1 (18.0–39.0) | 389 (76%) | 352 (58%) | ||
| Yes | 295 (28%) | 33.3 (23.7–40.4) | 126 (24%) | 169 (32%) | ||
| Concomitant CIS | <0.01 | 0.5 | ||||
| No | 464 (45%) | 32.0 (22.2–39.8) | 225 (44%) | 239 (46%) | ||
| Yes | 572 (55%) | 31.1 (18.0–39.1) | 290 (56%) | 282 (54%) | ||
| Lymph node involvement | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 773 (75%) | 27.3 (16.6–38.5) | 439 (85%) | 334 (64%) | ||
| Yes | 263 (25%) | 34.9 (30.2–41.6) | 76 (15%) | 187 (36%) | ||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||||
| No | 869 (84%) | 30.5 (18.9–39.1) | 447 (87%) | 422 (81%) | ||
| Yes | 167 (16%) | 33.3 (26.5–40.6) | 68 (13%) | 99 (19%) | ||
Note: Median (IQR); n (%). Bold p values are statistically significant.