Table 3.
Separate pre‐ and postoperative multivariable Cox regression models for the prediction of recurrence‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival in 1036 patients treated with radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
| Variable | Recurrence‐free survival | Cancer‐specific survival | Overall survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Preoperative model | |||||||||
| Endoglin | 1.28 | 1.18, 1.39 | <0.001 | 1.33 | 1.22, 1.45 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 1.14, 1.29 | <0.001 |
| Age | 1.02 | 1.01, 1.03 | 0.002 | 1.02 | 1.01, 1.04 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.04, 1.06 | <0.001 |
| Gender (female) | 1.48 | 1.15, 1.89 | 0.002 | 1.59 | 1.23, 2.05 | <0.001 | 1.30 | 1.07, 1.58 | 0.009 |
| Clinical tumor stage | |||||||||
| cTa/cTis/cT1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| cT2 | 1.66 | 1.32, 2.10 | <0.001 | 1.77 | 1.38, 2.27 | <0.001 | 1.59 | 1.33, 1.90 | <0.001 |
| ≥cT3 | 1.97 | 1.31, 2.96 | 0.001 | 2.23 | 1.47, 3.40 | <0.001 | 1.88 | 1.37, 2.59 | <0.001 |
| C‐index with endoglin | 0.645 | 0.678 | 0.663 | ||||||
| C‐index without endoglin | 0.605 | 0.632 | 0.636 | ||||||
| Postoperative model | |||||||||
| Endoglin | 1.09 | 0.99, 1.20 | 0.06 | 1.13 | 1.02, 1.24 | 0.02 | 1.11 | 1.04, 1.19 | 0.003 |
| Age | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.09 | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.03 | 0.01 | 1.04 | 1.03, 1.05 | <0.001 |
| Gender (female) | 1.53 | 1.19, 1.96 | <0.001 | 1.59 | 1.23, 2.06 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.11, 1.64 | 0.003 |
| Pathological stage | |||||||||
| pT0/pTa/pTis/pT1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| pT2 | 1.51 | 1.04, 2.18 | 0.03 | 1.47 | 0.99, 2.18 | 0.05 | 1.39 | 1.09, 1.77 | 0.01 |
| ≥pT3 | 3.11 | 2.19, 4.40 | <0.001 | 2.99 | 2.06, 4.32 | <0.001 | 2.43 | 1.90, 3.11 | <0.001 |
| Positive soft tissue surgical margins | 1.35 | 0.99, 1.85 | 0.06 | 1.42 | 1.02, 1.96 | 0.04 | 1.05 | 0.79, 1.39 | 0.7 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 1.43 | 1.11, 1.83 | 0.005 | 1.58 | 1.22, 2.05 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 1.01, 1.51 | 0.04 |
| Concomitant CIS | 1.03 | 0.83, 1.29 | 0.8 | 0.94 | 0.74, 1.19 | 0.6 | 1.01 | 0.85, 1.20 | 0.9 |
| Lymph node involvement | 2.36 | 1.81, 3.06 | <0.001 | 2.41 | 1.84, 3.16 | <0.001 | 1.97 | 1.59, 2.43 | <0.001 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 0.91 | 0.70, 1.20 | 0.5 | 0.97 | 0.73, 1.28 | 0.8 | 0.85 | 0.68, 1.08 | 0.2 |
| C‐index with endoglin | 0.751 | 0.777 | 0.734 | ||||||
| C‐index without endoglin | 0.754 | 0.778 | 0.733 | ||||||
Note: Bold p values are statistically significant.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CIS, carcinoma in situ; HR, hazard ratio.