TABLE 1.
Prevalence of self‐reported GBoB, concentrations, and total amounts of Hb according to different periodontal statuses
| GBoB estimates | (a) Periodontal case definitions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal health (n = 66) | Gingivitis (n = 62) | Periodontitis (n = 280) | p‐Value | |
| Self‐reported GBoB | 10 (15.6%)a | 38 (61.3%)b | 104 (37.1%)c | <.001 |
| Hb concentration (μg/ml) | 56.71a (34.48–117.70) | 104.91b (57.72–239.56) | 90.18b (55.17–176.56) | <.001 |
| >Detection limit (90.08 μg/ml) | 21 (31.8%)a | 35 (56.5%)b | 139 (49.8%)b | .011 |
| Total amount of Hb (μg) | 35.99a (24.41–60.27) | 119.37b (75.49–246.97) | 93.06b (38.28–176.70) | <.001 |
| >Detection limit (70.05 μg) | 9 (13.6%)a | 44 (71.0%)b | 154 (55.2%)b | <.001 |
| GBoB estimates | (b) Stages of periodontitis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I (n = 65) | Stage II (n = 65) | Stage III (n = 121) | Stage IV (n = 29) | p‐Value | |
| Self‐reported GBoB | 23 (35.4%) | 25 (35.8%) | 43 (35.5%) | 12 (42.9%) | .884 |
| Hb concentration (μg/ml) | 79.60 (54.12–200.97) | 103.14 (59.91–201.48) | 80.15 (56.56–165.83) | 90.95 (47.99–273.88) | .784 |
| >Detection limit (90.08 μg/ml) | 31 (47.7%) | 37 (56.9%) | 57 (47.1%) | 14 (50.0%) | .618 |
| Total amount of Hb (μg) | 120.74 (41.07–201.60) | 82.69 (42.99–161.11) | 84.48 (34.53–158.47) | 100.91 (36.10–318.46) | .328 |
| >Detection limit (70.05 μg) | 38 (58.8%) | 35 (53.8%) | 64 (52.9%) | 17 (60.7%) | .818 |
| GBoB estimates | (c) Gingival inflammatory status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOP% < 10% (n = 90) | 10% ≤ BOP% ≤ 30% (n = 220) | BOP% > 30% (n = 98) | p‐Value | |
| Self‐reported GBoB | 14 (15.6%)a | 81 (36.8%)b | 57 (58.2%)c | <.001 |
| Hb concentration (μg/ml) | 56.71a (34.49–108.63) | 76.59b (52.49–143.59) | 168.90c (80.06–370.52) | <.001 |
| >Detection limit (90.08 μg/ml) | 28 (31.1%)a | 99 (45.2%)a | 68 (69.4%)b | <.001 |
| Total amount of Hb (μg) | 34.39a (23.56–52.90) | 82.40b (38.43–133.86) | 187.13c (93.29–376.32) | <.001 |
| >Detection limit (70.05 μg) | 11 (12.2%)a | 116 (50.3%)b | 80 (81.6%)c | <.00 |
Note: Data are presented as either median, interquartile range (IQR), or n (%). Chi‐square tests (for categorical data) and Kruskal–Wallis tests (for continuous data) were used to assess differences across groups. If group differences are indicated (p < .05), then pair‐wise comparisons between the groups were conducted using a Bonferroni method to adjust the significance level for the multiple comparisons. Values with different superscripts (e.g., a, b, and c) are significantly different. Stage I periodontitis; II, Stage II periodontitis; III, Stage III periodontitis; IV, Stage IV periodontitis.