. 2022 May 9;21(1):e127042. doi: 10.5812/ijpr-127042

Table 1. Virus-Like Particle-Based COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Trials ^a.

No.	Type of Candidate Vaccine	Antigen	Number of Doses	Schedule	Route of Administration	Developers	Phase	Phase 1	Phase 1/2	Phase 2	Phase 2/3
1	RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP Vaccine	RBD	2	Day 0+28	IM	Serum Institute of India+ Accelagen Pty + SpyBiotech	1/2		ACTRN12620000817943; ACTRN12620001308987
2	Coronavirus-like particle COVID-19 (CoVLP)	Stabilized prefusion form of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fused with a transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of influenza hemagglutinin	2	Day 0+21	IM	Medicago	3	NCT04450004; Study Report		NCT04662697	NCT04636697
3	VBI-2902a. An enveloped virus-like particle (eVLP) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and aluminum phosphate adjuvant	A modified and optimized prefusion form of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein	2	Day 0+28	IM	VBI Vaccines Inc.	1/2		NCT04773665
4	SARS CoV-2 VLP vaccine	All four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (S, E, M, and N)	2	Day 0	SC	The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey	2	NCT04818281		NCT04962893
5	ABNCoV2 capsid virus-like particle (cVLP) +/- adjuvant MF59	RBD antigens were designed with boundaries aa319-591 of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence (Sequence; ID: QIA20044.1).	2	Day 0+28	IM	Radboud University	1	NCT04839146
6	SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB001, an RBD from SARS-CoV-2 and VLP vector, adjuvanted with Alum	RBD	3	Day 0, 28, 56	IM	Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd	Phase 1	NCT05125926			NCT05137444

^a Resource: https://www.who.int/publications/

Table 1. Virus-Like Particle-Based COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Trials a.