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. 2021 Sep 24;40(11):3148–3158. doi: 10.1002/etc.5199

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© 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Semi flow‐through sediment toxicity test system with Hyalella azteca. (A) Overview of test system consisting of exposure beakers and a water storage tank equipped with eight needles. (B) Exposure beaker with a hole covered with a stainless‐steel mesh. Devices to measure various types of concentrations (C _free,over, C _free,pore, C _free,intf, and C _diss,over) are also shown. C _diss,over = total dissolved concentration in overlying water; PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane; C _free,over = freely dissolved concentration in overlying water; C _free,pore = freely dissolved concentration in porewater; C _free,intf = freely dissolved concentration at the sediment–water interface.