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Results of subgroup analysis of the maternal smoking and placenta accreta spectrum based on study design and adjust/crude form for control of the counfounding variables.
| Subgroups | No. of studies | OR (95% CI) | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | |||
| Case-control | 4 | 0.83 (0.47, 1.19) | 0.0% |
| Cohort | 10 | 1.35 (1.15, 1.55) | 0.0% |
| Adjust/crude form | |||
| Adjust analysis | 6 | 1.11 (0.74, 1.49) | 32.1% |
| Crude analysis | 8 | 1.29 (1.0, 1.58) | 0.0% |
