Table 1.
Clinical studies investigating the effects of statin use on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in general population
| Study | Study design | Data source | Cirrhosis | Total patients† (users/non-users) | HCC | Statin type | Definition of statin users | Follow-up (years) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Friis et al. [25] (2005) | Retrospective cohort study | Danish National Health Service | NR | 348,262 (12,251/336,011) | 171 | NR | >2 filled prescription | 3.3 | No protective effect |
| El-serag et al. [84] (2009)* | Case-control study | US Veterans Affairs national database | 6.9% | 6,515 (3,213/3,302) | 1,303 | A, C, F, L, P, R, S | ≥1 filled prescription | 2.4 | aOR, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64–0.87) |
| Chiu et al. [27] (2011) | Case-control study | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | 22.1% | 2,332 (312/2,020) | 1,116 | A, F, L, P, R, S | ≥1 filled prescription | NR | aOR, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.41–0.91) |
| Marelli et al. [85] (2011) | Retrospective cohort study | GE Centricity EMR database | Viral hepatitis: 0.14% | 91,714 (45,857/45,857) | 19 | NR | NR | 4.6 | No protective effect |
| Lai et al. [86] (2013) | Case-control study | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | 11.5% | 17,400 (1,220/16,180) | 3,480 | A, F, L, S, P, R | NR | NR | aOR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56–0.89) |
| Björkhem-Bergman et al. [30] (2014) | Case-control study | Swedish Cancer Register | NR | 22,824 (4,285/18,539) | 3,994 | A, F, P, R, S | ≥9 months | NR | aOR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96) |
| McGlynn et al. [87] (2014) | Case-control study | US Health Alliance plan HMO of Henry Ford Health System | NR | 562 (258/304) | 94 | NR | ≥1 filled prescription | 8.1 | aOR, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.15–0.67) |
| McGlynn et al. [28] (2015) | Case-control study | UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink | NR | 5,835 (1,544/4,291) | 1,195 | A, C, F, S, P, R | ≥2 filled prescriptions | 10 | aOR, 0.55 (95% CI, 0.45–0.69) |
| Kim et al. [88] (2018) | Case-control study | Korean National Health Insurance Service Physical Health Examination | 24.4% | 9,852 (1,158/8,694) | 1,642 | A, F, L, S, P, Pi, R | >30 days | 7.5 | aOR, 0.44 (95% CI, 0.33–0.58) |
| Tran et al. [29] (2020) | Case-control study | UK Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit | Liver disease: 1.7% | 2,537 (682/1,865) | 434 | A, C, F, S, P, R | ≥1 filled prescription | 4.8 | aOR, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.87) |
| Tran et al. [29] (2020) | Retrospective cohort study | UK Biobank | Liver disease: 0.7% | 471,851 (395,301/76,550) | 182 | A, F, S, P, R | Self-reported | 4.6 | aOR, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.24–0.94) |
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NR, not reported; A, atorvastatin; C, cerivastatin; F, fluvastatin; L, lovastatin; P, pravastatin; R, rosuvastatin; S, simvastatin; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Pi, pitavastatin.
*
Patients with diabetes.
†
In the case of propensity score matching analysis, number of patients was estimated after matching.