Table 3.

Clinical studies investigating the effects of aspirin use on hepatocellular carcinoma in general population

Study	Study design	Data source	Cirrhosis (%)	Total patients* (users/non-users)	HCC	Dose	Definition of aspirin users	Follow-up (years)	Outcome
Sahasrabuddhe et al. [64] (2012)	Prospective cohort study	NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort	NR	300,504 (219,291/81,213)	250	NR	Self-reported	9.2	RR, 0.59 (95% CI, 0.45–0.77)
Yang et al. [68] (2016)	Case-control study	Clinical Practice Research Datalink	Chronic liver disease 3.3%	5,835 (376/1,294)	1,195	NR	≥2 filled prescription	11.0	No protective effect
Simon et al. [93] (2018)	Prospective cohort study	Nurses’ Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-up Study	NR	133,371 (58,855/74,526)	108	325 mg	Self-reported (≥2/week)	26	aHR, 0.51 (95% CI, 0.34–0.77)
Hwang et al. [66] (2018)	Retrospective cohort study	Korean National Health Insurance Corporation Claims Database	NR	460,755 (64,782/395,973)	2,336	NR	≥30 cDDDs	6.4	HR, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77–0.98)
Tsoi et al. [67] (2019)	Retrospective cohort study	Hospital Authority Clinical Data Repository	NR	612,509 (204,170/408,339)	9,370	Low dose (median, 80 mg)	≥6 months of prescription	7.7	RR, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.45–0.53)
Shen et al. [94] (2020)	Case-control study	Connecticut and New Jersey Cancer registry and University Hospital	24.80%	1,839 (676/1,163)	673	NR	Self-reported	NR	aOR, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.30–0.52)

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NIH-AARP, the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons; NR, not reported; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; cDDDs, cumulative defined daily doses; aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

^*In the case of propensity score matching analysis, number of patients was estimated after matching.