. 2022 May 28;10:305–318. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.05.004

Table 6.

Brush border enzymes of the PI, MI, and DI in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed diets containing graded levels of VD₃ for 10 weeks¹.

Item	VD₃ level, IU/kg diet						P-value
Item	15.2 (control)	364.3	782.5	1,167.9	1,573.8	1,980.1	P-value
PI
AKP	69.11 ± 7.09^a	75.45 ± 4.26^abc	78.7796 ± 7.23^bc	80.96 ± 7.47^c	74.21 ± 1.99^abc	72.61 ± 4.19^ab	0.017
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase	190.96 ± 11.63^a	207.50 ± 8.49^b	220.49 ± 11.41^bc	231.28 ± 11.95^c	209.23 ± 18.51^b	207.97 ± 10.02^b	<0.001
γ-GT	23.58 ± 2.46^a	26.91 ± 2.52^bc	27.00 ± 2.55^bc	29.05 ± 2.71^c	26.04 ± 2.70^abc	23.79 ± 2.19^ab	0.006
CK	91.77 ± 5.73^a	107.47 ± 11.34^a	110.69 ± 10.55^ab	128.18 ± 13.52^b	115.62 ± 12.56^ab	106.60 ± 10.60^a	0.037
MI
AKP	63.53 ± 5.38^a	66.14 ± 6.32^ab	72.97 ± 6.91^bc	73.19 ± 6.30^bc	74.77 ± 7.53^c	69.52 ± 4.36^abc	0.024
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase	123.13 ± 12.41^a	131.46 ± 12.10^ab	139.54 ± 15.55^bc	149.07 ± 11.76^c	129.74 ± 11.60^ab	126.31 ± 8.73^ab	0.01
γ-GT	20.98 ± 2.24^a	24.16 ± 1.76^b	26.93 ± 1.68^c	27.85 ± 2.34^c	23.72 ± 2.13^b	21.79 ± 1.68^ab	0.002
CK	100.34 ± 7.24^a	105.69 ± 11.04^ab	120.42 ± 9.86^c	122.83 ± 6.83^c	113.91 ± 10.33^bc	112.67 ± 9.34^bc	<0.001
DI
AKP	58.41 ± 6.70^a	60.01 ± 6.88^a	64.80 ± 5.16^bc	70.65 ± 6.54^c	63.28 ± 6.69^bc	58.95 ± 6.00^a	0.02
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase	106.30 ± 7.60^a	111.11 ± 9.26^a	119.60 ± 5.66^ab	127.78 ± 18.02^b	116.06 ± 9.52^ab	107.00 ± 11.36^a	0.015
γ-GT	18.21 ± 0.77^a	19.47 ± 0.79^ab	21.38 ± 2.78^c	21.26 ± 1.40^c	20.35 ± 2.22^ab	18.94 ± 1.56^a	0.019
CK	50.29 ± 5.66^a	56.38 ± 6.59^abc	58.53 ± 4.64^bc	60.21 ± 4.98^c	55.21 ± 3.87^abc	53.08 ± 5.55^ab	0.034

PI = proximal intestine; MI = mid intestine; DI = distal intestine; AKP = alkaline phosphatase, mmol of nitrophenol released/g tissue; Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, μmol of phosphorus released/g tissue; γ-GT = γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, mmol of 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate released/g tissue; CK = creatine kinase, μmol of phosphorus released/g tissue.

^a-c Mean values within a row with different superscript letters indicate significant difference (one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range tests, P < 0.05).

Values are means ± SD (n = 6).