Table 7.
Item | VD3 level, IU/kg diet |
P-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15.2 (control) | 364.3 | 782.5 | 1,167.9 | 1,573.8 | 1,980.1 | ||
PI | |||||||
Neutral amino acids | |||||||
Met | 0.83 ± 0.06a | 0.89 ± 0.09a | 1.11 ± 0.13b | 1.12 ± 0.13b | 1.03 ± 0.15ab | 0.84 ± 0.10a | 0.023 |
Trp | 0.69 ± 0.06a | 0.75 ± 0.10ab | 0.89 ± 0.04bc | 0.99 ± 0.10c | 0.78 ± 0.10ab | 0.75 ± 0.05ab | 0.006 |
Thr | 1.21 ± 0.08a | 1.40 ± 0.15ab | 1.52 ± 0.15b | 1.57 ± 0.20ab | 1.30 ± 0.10a | 1.22 ± 0.05a | 0.050 |
Ile | 1.10 ± 0.10a | 1.30 ± 0.08abc | 1.37 ± 0.13bc | 1.47 ± 0.21c | 1.32 ± 0.13abc | 1.15 ± 0.09ab | 0.039 |
Ala | 1.72 ± 0.11 | 1.73 ± 0.11 | 1.80 ± 0.11 | 1.84 ± 0.08 | 1.79 ± 0.15 | 1.72 ± 0.09 | 0.766 |
Leu | 2.11 ± 0.16 | 2.29 ± 0.16 | 2.32 ± 0.15 | 2.62 ± 0.17 | 2.44 ± 0.35 | 2.36 ± 0.17 | 0.980 |
Val | 1.20 ± 0.10a | 1.41 ± 0.12ab | 1.60 ± 0.08b | 1.58 ± 0.15b | 1.36 ± 0.12ab | 1.29 ± 0.20a | 0.018 |
Phe | 1.35 ± 0.10a | 1.42 ± 0.08ab | 1.56 ± 0.03b | 1.81 ± 0.15c | 1.58 ± 0.17b | 1.41 ± 0.13ab | 0.002 |
Gly | 1.10 ± 0.12a | 1.24 ± 0.08a | 1.32 ± 0.17ab | 1.52 ± 0.16b | 1.21 ± 0.16a | 1.12 ± 0.11a | 0.028 |
Pro | 1.13 ± 0.09a | 1.38 ± 0.10bc | 1.44 ± 0.11c | 1.46 ± 0.08c | 1.30 ± 0.05bc | 1.28 ± 0.07b | 0.004 |
Ser | 1.27 ± 0.09a | 1.29 ± 0.11ab | 1.55 ± 0.09bc | 1.68 ± 0.26c | 1.54 ± 0.08c | 1.33 ± 0.10ab | 0.016 |
Tyr | 1.52 ± 0.16a | 1.73 ± 0.23ab | 1.87 ± 0.19bc | 2.16 ± 0.18c | 1.83 ± 0.19ab | 1.65 ± 0.10ab | 0.014 |
Cys | 0.21 ± 0.02a | 0.26 ± 0.03ab | 0.36 ± 0.04c | 0.32 ± 0.04bc | 0.31 ± 0.06bc | 0.29 ± 0.02bc | 0.010 |
Tau | 1.33 ± 0.14a | 1.50 ± 0.20ab | 1.67 ± 0.16bc | 1.84 ± 0.09c | 1.54 ± 0.16ab | 1.39 ± 0.12ab | 0.016 |
Basic amino acids | |||||||
Lys | 1.25 ± 0.09 | 1.30 ± 0.09 | 1.41 ± 0.07 | 1.35 ± 0.11 | 1.30 ± 0.13 | 1.21 ± 0.12 | 0.336 |
Arg | 1.49 ± 0.08a | 1.62 ± 0.10a | 1.81 ± 0.17ab | 2.16 ± 0.25c | 1.87 ± 0.18bc | 1.52 ± 0.12a | 0.002 |
His | 0.45 ± 0.07a | 0.62 ± 0.11b | 0.66 ± 0.05bc | 0.77 ± 0.06c | 0.76 ± 0.05c | 0.63 ± 0.02b | 0.001 |
Acidic amino acids | |||||||
Asp | 1.99 ± 0.14 | 2.10 ± 0.15 | 2.10 ± 0.13 | 2.00 ± 0.19 | 1.96 ± 0.22 | 1.95 ± 0.07 | 0.776 |
Glu | 2.12 ± 0.24a | 2.32 ± 0.14abc | 2.56 ± 0.17cd | 2.82 ± 0.22d | 2.50 ± 0.25bcd | 2.15 ± 0.09ab | 0.007 |
MI | |||||||
Neutral amino acids | |||||||
Met | 0.75 ± 0.09a | 0.97 ± 0.15ab | 1.22 ± 0.14bc | 1.37 ± 0.18c | 1.23 ± 0.10bc | 0.98 ± 0.18ab | 0.003 |
Trp | 0.56 ± 0.07a | 0.66 ± 0.08ab | 0.79 ± 0.05bc | 0.89 ± 0.09c | 0.85 ± 0.11c | 0.67 ± 0.05ab | 0.001 |
Thr | 1.31 ± 0.21a | 1.46 ± 0.17a | 1.65 ± 0.12ab | 1.84 ± 0.27b | 1.41 ± 0.10a | 1.32 ± 0.10a | 0.018 |
Ile | 1.08 ± 0.14a | 1.18 ± 0.15abc | 1.40 ± 0.09cd | 1.50 ± 0.10d | 1.33 ± 0.12bcd | 1.13 ± 0.13ab | 0.009 |
Ala | 1.84 ± 0.13 | 1.91 ± 0.24 | 1.94 ± 0.28 | 1.84 ± 0.16 | 1.77 ± 0.11 | 1.65 ± 0.04 | 0.455 |
Leu | 2.03 ± 0.16a | 2.16 ± 0.10a | 2.33 ± 0.29ab | 2.65 ± 0.26b | 2.40 ± 0.20ab | 2.18 ± 0.17a | 0.042 |
Val | 1.33 ± 0.16a | 1.49 ± 0.10ab | 1.64 ± 0.10b | 1.68 ± 0.15b | 1.47 ± 0.15ab | 1.36 ± 0.09a | 0.029 |
Phe | 1.39 ± 0.11a | 1.60 ± 0.20abc | 1.68 ± 0.13bc | 1.75 ± 0.12c | 1.44 ± 0.15ab | 1.44 ± 0.10ab | 0.037 |
Gly | 1.043 ± 0.15a | 1.11 ± 0.10a | 1.27 ± 0.14ab | 1.48 ± 0.20b | 1.50 ± 0.11b | 1.13 ± 0.11a | 0.005 |
Pro | 1.15 ± 0.10a | 1.39 ± 0.10b | 1.47 ± 0.13b | 1.59 ± 0.09b | 1.41 ± 0.17b | 1.36 ± 0.13b | 0.019 |
Ser | 1.17 ± 0.12a | 1.40 ± 0.17ab | 1.49 ± 0.13b | 1.61 ± 0.16bc | 1.57 ± 0.11c | 1.36 ± 0.08ab | 0.003 |
Tyr | 1.51 ± 0.20a | 1.86 ± 0.19b | 1.99 ± 0.13b | 2.07 ± 0.14b | 2.01 ± 0.20b | 1.80 ± 0.13ab | 0.016 |
Cys | 0.22 ± 0.02a | 0.27 ± 0.02a | 0.34 ± 0.04b | 0.37 ± 0.05bc | 0.42 ± 0.04c | 0.36 ± 0.04bc | <0.001 |
Tau | 1.40 ± 0.15a | 1.48 ± 0.08ab | 1.64 ± 0.11bc | 1.81 ± 0.11c | 1.77 ± 0.11c | 1.42 ± 0.11a | 0.002 |
Basic amino acids | |||||||
Lys | 1.47 ± 0.15 | 1.50 ± 0.13 | 1.57 ± 0.08 | 1.45 ± 0.10 | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 1.41 ± 0.10 | 0.573 |
Arg | 1.483 ± 0.12a | 1.62 ± 0.15ab | 1.75 ± 0.14b | 2.16 ± 0.29b | 1.85 ± 0.24b | 1.68 ± 0.10ab | 0.016 |
His | 0.45 ± 0.06a | 0.54 ± 0.09ab | 0.67 ± 0.07bc | 0.74 ± 0.06d | 0.73 ± 0.06cd | 0.68 ± 0.04b | <0.001 |
Acidic amino acids | |||||||
Asp | 1.88 ± 0.17 | 2.05 ± 0.10 | 2.20 ± 0.10 | 2.05 ± 0.29 | 1.93 ± 0.22 | 1.83 ± 0.18 | 0.261 |
Glu | 2.07 ± 0.25a | 2.22 ± 0.21ab | 2.58 ± 0.13bc | 2.63 ± 0.26c | 2.29 ± 0.23abc | 2.20 ± 0.13ab | 0.036 |
DI | |||||||
Neutral amino acids | |||||||
Met | 0.74 ± 0.11a | 0.83 ± 0.09a | 1.02 ± 0.14b | 1.24 ± 0.08c | 1.15 ± 0.10bc | 1.04 ± 0.10bc | 0.001 |
Trp | 0.57 ± 0.05a | 0.63 ± 0.09a | 0.82 ± 0.04bc | 0.91 ± 0.07c | 1.02 ± 0.10bc | 0.87 ± 0.05ab | 0.001 |
Thr | 1.32 ± 0.19a | 1.40 ± 0.12ab | 1.63 ± 0.11b | 1.65 ± 0.14b | 1.52 ± 0.09ab | 1.35 ± 0.11a | 0.033 |
Ile | 1.20 ± 0.19a | 1.21 ± 0.14a | 1.32 ± 0.10a | 1.58 ± 0.10b | 1.39 ± 0.12ab | 1.37 ± 0.09ab | 0.029 |
Ala | 1.70 ± 0.18 | 1.85 ± 0.22 | 1.82 ± 0.18 | 1.87 ± 0.23 | 1.75 ± 0.10 | 1.67 ± 0.05 | 0.662 |
Leu | 2.10 ± 0.23a | 2.42 ± 0.25abc | 2.64 ± 0.27bc | 2.81 ± 0.22c | 2.54 ± 0.19abc | 2.33 ± 0.27ab | 0.043 |
Val | 1.49 ± 0.17a | 1.58 ± 0.17a | 2.05 ± 0.29b | 2.14 ± 0.27b | 1.77 ± 0.29ab | 1.57 ± 0.23a | 0.026 |
Phe | 1.42 ± 0.16a | 1.47 ± 0.08a | 1.80 ± 0.19bc | 1.96 ± 0.27c | 1.51 ± 0.13ab | 1.45 ± 0.10a | 0.008 |
Gly | 1.12 ± 0.14a | 1.14 ± 0.08a | 1.33 ± 0.13ab | 1.54 ± 0.19b | 1.57 ± 0.11b | 1.47 ± 0.11b | 0.003 |
Pro | 1.15 ± 0.09a | 1.37 ± 0.15ab | 1.51 ± 0.19b | 1.63 ± 0.12b | 1.45 ± 0.17b | 1.39 ± 0.13ab | 0.031 |
Ser | 1.37 ± 0.10a | 1.64 ± 0.18b | 1.68 ± 0.16b | 1.94 ± 0.16c | 1.65 ± 0.15b | 1.56 ± 0.07ab | 0.009 |
Tyr | 1.57 ± 0.25a | 1.76 ± 0.20ab | 2.02 ± 0.15bc | 2.16 ± 0.26c | 1.70 ± 0.23ab | 1.61 ± 0.11a | 0.024 |
Cys | 0.24 ± 0.03a | 0.30 ± 0.04ab | 0.37 ± 0.05bc | 0.44 ± 0.06c | 0.43 ± 0.05c | 0.34 ± 0.03b | 0.001 |
Tau | 1.40 ± 0.18a | 1.50 ± 0.14abc | 1.66 ± 0.20abc | 1.78 ± 0.12c | 1.74 ± 0.15bc | 1.46 ± 0.11ab | 0.045 |
Basic amino acids | |||||||
Lys | 1.44 ± 0.17 | 1.49 ± 0.13 | 1.55 ± 0.12 | 1.56 ± 0.11 | 1.56 ± 0.17 | 1.49 ± 0.08 | 0.842 |
Arg | 1.45 ± 0.15a | 1.62 ± 0.12ab | 1.82 ± 0.21bc | 2.16 ± 0.30b | 1.87 ± 0.14bc | 1.68 ± 0.16ab | 0.011 |
His | 0.41 ± 0.04a | 0.53 ± 0.07b | 0.61 ± 0.04bc | 0.75 ± 0.06d | 0.67 ± 0.05cd | 0.60 ± 0.09bc | <0.001 |
Acidic amino acids | |||||||
Asp | 1.89 ± 0.14 | 2.08 ± 0.13 | 2.29 ± 0.21 | 2.25 ± 0.19 | 2.10 ± 0.33 | 1.97 ± 0.20 | 0.223 |
Glu | 2.15 ± 0.22a | 2.56 ± 0.36ab | 2.76 ± 0.31ab | 3.11 ± 0.45b | 2.72 ± 0.39ab | 2.34 ± 0.16a | 0.048 |
PI = proximal intestine; MI = mid intestine; DI = distal intestine.
a-d Mean values within a row with different superscript letters indicate significant difference (one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range tests, P < 0.05).
Values are means ± SD (n = 6).