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. 2022 May 28;10:305–318. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.05.004

Table 7.

Free amino acid contents of the PI, MI, and DI in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed diets containing graded levels of VD3 for 10 weeks (mg/100g tissue) 1.

Item VD3 level, IU/kg diet
P-value
15.2 (control) 364.3 782.5 1,167.9 1,573.8 1,980.1
PI
 Neutral amino acids
 Met 0.83 ± 0.06a 0.89 ± 0.09a 1.11 ± 0.13b 1.12 ± 0.13b 1.03 ± 0.15ab 0.84 ± 0.10a 0.023
 Trp 0.69 ± 0.06a 0.75 ± 0.10ab 0.89 ± 0.04bc 0.99 ± 0.10c 0.78 ± 0.10ab 0.75 ± 0.05ab 0.006
 Thr 1.21 ± 0.08a 1.40 ± 0.15ab 1.52 ± 0.15b 1.57 ± 0.20ab 1.30 ± 0.10a 1.22 ± 0.05a 0.050
 Ile 1.10 ± 0.10a 1.30 ± 0.08abc 1.37 ± 0.13bc 1.47 ± 0.21c 1.32 ± 0.13abc 1.15 ± 0.09ab 0.039
 Ala 1.72 ± 0.11 1.73 ± 0.11 1.80 ± 0.11 1.84 ± 0.08 1.79 ± 0.15 1.72 ± 0.09 0.766
 Leu 2.11 ± 0.16 2.29 ± 0.16 2.32 ± 0.15 2.62 ± 0.17 2.44 ± 0.35 2.36 ± 0.17 0.980
 Val 1.20 ± 0.10a 1.41 ± 0.12ab 1.60 ± 0.08b 1.58 ± 0.15b 1.36 ± 0.12ab 1.29 ± 0.20a 0.018
 Phe 1.35 ± 0.10a 1.42 ± 0.08ab 1.56 ± 0.03b 1.81 ± 0.15c 1.58 ± 0.17b 1.41 ± 0.13ab 0.002
 Gly 1.10 ± 0.12a 1.24 ± 0.08a 1.32 ± 0.17ab 1.52 ± 0.16b 1.21 ± 0.16a 1.12 ± 0.11a 0.028
 Pro 1.13 ± 0.09a 1.38 ± 0.10bc 1.44 ± 0.11c 1.46 ± 0.08c 1.30 ± 0.05bc 1.28 ± 0.07b 0.004
 Ser 1.27 ± 0.09a 1.29 ± 0.11ab 1.55 ± 0.09bc 1.68 ± 0.26c 1.54 ± 0.08c 1.33 ± 0.10ab 0.016
 Tyr 1.52 ± 0.16a 1.73 ± 0.23ab 1.87 ± 0.19bc 2.16 ± 0.18c 1.83 ± 0.19ab 1.65 ± 0.10ab 0.014
 Cys 0.21 ± 0.02a 0.26 ± 0.03ab 0.36 ± 0.04c 0.32 ± 0.04bc 0.31 ± 0.06bc 0.29 ± 0.02bc 0.010
 Tau 1.33 ± 0.14a 1.50 ± 0.20ab 1.67 ± 0.16bc 1.84 ± 0.09c 1.54 ± 0.16ab 1.39 ± 0.12ab 0.016
Basic amino acids
 Lys 1.25 ± 0.09 1.30 ± 0.09 1.41 ± 0.07 1.35 ± 0.11 1.30 ± 0.13 1.21 ± 0.12 0.336
 Arg 1.49 ± 0.08a 1.62 ± 0.10a 1.81 ± 0.17ab 2.16 ± 0.25c 1.87 ± 0.18bc 1.52 ± 0.12a 0.002
 His 0.45 ± 0.07a 0.62 ± 0.11b 0.66 ± 0.05bc 0.77 ± 0.06c 0.76 ± 0.05c 0.63 ± 0.02b 0.001
Acidic amino acids
 Asp 1.99 ± 0.14 2.10 ± 0.15 2.10 ± 0.13 2.00 ± 0.19 1.96 ± 0.22 1.95 ± 0.07 0.776
 Glu 2.12 ± 0.24a 2.32 ± 0.14abc 2.56 ± 0.17cd 2.82 ± 0.22d 2.50 ± 0.25bcd 2.15 ± 0.09ab 0.007
MI
 Neutral amino acids
 Met 0.75 ± 0.09a 0.97 ± 0.15ab 1.22 ± 0.14bc 1.37 ± 0.18c 1.23 ± 0.10bc 0.98 ± 0.18ab 0.003
 Trp 0.56 ± 0.07a 0.66 ± 0.08ab 0.79 ± 0.05bc 0.89 ± 0.09c 0.85 ± 0.11c 0.67 ± 0.05ab 0.001
 Thr 1.31 ± 0.21a 1.46 ± 0.17a 1.65 ± 0.12ab 1.84 ± 0.27b 1.41 ± 0.10a 1.32 ± 0.10a 0.018
 Ile 1.08 ± 0.14a 1.18 ± 0.15abc 1.40 ± 0.09cd 1.50 ± 0.10d 1.33 ± 0.12bcd 1.13 ± 0.13ab 0.009
 Ala 1.84 ± 0.13 1.91 ± 0.24 1.94 ± 0.28 1.84 ± 0.16 1.77 ± 0.11 1.65 ± 0.04 0.455
 Leu 2.03 ± 0.16a 2.16 ± 0.10a 2.33 ± 0.29ab 2.65 ± 0.26b 2.40 ± 0.20ab 2.18 ± 0.17a 0.042
 Val 1.33 ± 0.16a 1.49 ± 0.10ab 1.64 ± 0.10b 1.68 ± 0.15b 1.47 ± 0.15ab 1.36 ± 0.09a 0.029
 Phe 1.39 ± 0.11a 1.60 ± 0.20abc 1.68 ± 0.13bc 1.75 ± 0.12c 1.44 ± 0.15ab 1.44 ± 0.10ab 0.037
 Gly 1.043 ± 0.15a 1.11 ± 0.10a 1.27 ± 0.14ab 1.48 ± 0.20b 1.50 ± 0.11b 1.13 ± 0.11a 0.005
 Pro 1.15 ± 0.10a 1.39 ± 0.10b 1.47 ± 0.13b 1.59 ± 0.09b 1.41 ± 0.17b 1.36 ± 0.13b 0.019
 Ser 1.17 ± 0.12a 1.40 ± 0.17ab 1.49 ± 0.13b 1.61 ± 0.16bc 1.57 ± 0.11c 1.36 ± 0.08ab 0.003
 Tyr 1.51 ± 0.20a 1.86 ± 0.19b 1.99 ± 0.13b 2.07 ± 0.14b 2.01 ± 0.20b 1.80 ± 0.13ab 0.016
 Cys 0.22 ± 0.02a 0.27 ± 0.02a 0.34 ± 0.04b 0.37 ± 0.05bc 0.42 ± 0.04c 0.36 ± 0.04bc <0.001
 Tau 1.40 ± 0.15a 1.48 ± 0.08ab 1.64 ± 0.11bc 1.81 ± 0.11c 1.77 ± 0.11c 1.42 ± 0.11a 0.002
 Basic amino acids
 Lys 1.47 ± 0.15 1.50 ± 0.13 1.57 ± 0.08 1.45 ± 0.10 1.41 ± 0.11 1.41 ± 0.10 0.573
 Arg 1.483 ± 0.12a 1.62 ± 0.15ab 1.75 ± 0.14b 2.16 ± 0.29b 1.85 ± 0.24b 1.68 ± 0.10ab 0.016
 His 0.45 ± 0.06a 0.54 ± 0.09ab 0.67 ± 0.07bc 0.74 ± 0.06d 0.73 ± 0.06cd 0.68 ± 0.04b <0.001
 Acidic amino acids
 Asp 1.88 ± 0.17 2.05 ± 0.10 2.20 ± 0.10 2.05 ± 0.29 1.93 ± 0.22 1.83 ± 0.18 0.261
 Glu 2.07 ± 0.25a 2.22 ± 0.21ab 2.58 ± 0.13bc 2.63 ± 0.26c 2.29 ± 0.23abc 2.20 ± 0.13ab 0.036
DI
 Neutral amino acids
 Met 0.74 ± 0.11a 0.83 ± 0.09a 1.02 ± 0.14b 1.24 ± 0.08c 1.15 ± 0.10bc 1.04 ± 0.10bc 0.001
 Trp 0.57 ± 0.05a 0.63 ± 0.09a 0.82 ± 0.04bc 0.91 ± 0.07c 1.02 ± 0.10bc 0.87 ± 0.05ab 0.001
 Thr 1.32 ± 0.19a 1.40 ± 0.12ab 1.63 ± 0.11b 1.65 ± 0.14b 1.52 ± 0.09ab 1.35 ± 0.11a 0.033
 Ile 1.20 ± 0.19a 1.21 ± 0.14a 1.32 ± 0.10a 1.58 ± 0.10b 1.39 ± 0.12ab 1.37 ± 0.09ab 0.029
 Ala 1.70 ± 0.18 1.85 ± 0.22 1.82 ± 0.18 1.87 ± 0.23 1.75 ± 0.10 1.67 ± 0.05 0.662
 Leu 2.10 ± 0.23a 2.42 ± 0.25abc 2.64 ± 0.27bc 2.81 ± 0.22c 2.54 ± 0.19abc 2.33 ± 0.27ab 0.043
 Val 1.49 ± 0.17a 1.58 ± 0.17a 2.05 ± 0.29b 2.14 ± 0.27b 1.77 ± 0.29ab 1.57 ± 0.23a 0.026
 Phe 1.42 ± 0.16a 1.47 ± 0.08a 1.80 ± 0.19bc 1.96 ± 0.27c 1.51 ± 0.13ab 1.45 ± 0.10a 0.008
 Gly 1.12 ± 0.14a 1.14 ± 0.08a 1.33 ± 0.13ab 1.54 ± 0.19b 1.57 ± 0.11b 1.47 ± 0.11b 0.003
 Pro 1.15 ± 0.09a 1.37 ± 0.15ab 1.51 ± 0.19b 1.63 ± 0.12b 1.45 ± 0.17b 1.39 ± 0.13ab 0.031
 Ser 1.37 ± 0.10a 1.64 ± 0.18b 1.68 ± 0.16b 1.94 ± 0.16c 1.65 ± 0.15b 1.56 ± 0.07ab 0.009
 Tyr 1.57 ± 0.25a 1.76 ± 0.20ab 2.02 ± 0.15bc 2.16 ± 0.26c 1.70 ± 0.23ab 1.61 ± 0.11a 0.024
 Cys 0.24 ± 0.03a 0.30 ± 0.04ab 0.37 ± 0.05bc 0.44 ± 0.06c 0.43 ± 0.05c 0.34 ± 0.03b 0.001
 Tau 1.40 ± 0.18a 1.50 ± 0.14abc 1.66 ± 0.20abc 1.78 ± 0.12c 1.74 ± 0.15bc 1.46 ± 0.11ab 0.045
 Basic amino acids
 Lys 1.44 ± 0.17 1.49 ± 0.13 1.55 ± 0.12 1.56 ± 0.11 1.56 ± 0.17 1.49 ± 0.08 0.842
 Arg 1.45 ± 0.15a 1.62 ± 0.12ab 1.82 ± 0.21bc 2.16 ± 0.30b 1.87 ± 0.14bc 1.68 ± 0.16ab 0.011
 His 0.41 ± 0.04a 0.53 ± 0.07b 0.61 ± 0.04bc 0.75 ± 0.06d 0.67 ± 0.05cd 0.60 ± 0.09bc <0.001
 Acidic amino acids
 Asp 1.89 ± 0.14 2.08 ± 0.13 2.29 ± 0.21 2.25 ± 0.19 2.10 ± 0.33 1.97 ± 0.20 0.223
 Glu 2.15 ± 0.22a 2.56 ± 0.36ab 2.76 ± 0.31ab 3.11 ± 0.45b 2.72 ± 0.39ab 2.34 ± 0.16a 0.048

PI = proximal intestine; MI = mid intestine; DI = distal intestine.

a-d Mean values within a row with different superscript letters indicate significant difference (one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range tests, P < 0.05).

1

Values are means ± SD (n = 6).