Table 1.
Demographics of the study population
| Never smoker | Smokers | COPD | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 45 | 56 | N/A |
| Age (y) | 69 (11) | 66 (8) | 67 (8) | p > 0.05 |
| Gender: male (%) | 20 | 38 | 47 | p > 0.05 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5)*† | p < 0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 110 (24) | 99 (18) | 68 (15)*† | p < 0.001 |
| FVC (L) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.1 (0.7) | 3.1 (0.7) | p > 0.05 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 83 (8) | 79 (10) | 51 (16)*† | p < 0.001 |
| Current smokers (%) | N/A | 78 | 65 | p > 0.05 |
| Pack year history | N/A | 39 (16) | 51 (36) | p > 0.05 |
| ICS users (%) | N/A | 4 | 27 | N/A |
| LABA users (%) | N/A | 2 | 33 | N/A |
| LAMA users (%) | N/A | N/A | 24 | N/A |
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC forced vital capacity; ICS inhaled corticosteroids. LABA long-acting beta-2 agonists; LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonists Data presented as mean (SD). Tukey’s multiple comparisons test performed where
*Significant difference between COPD vs NS
†Significant difference between COPD vs S