Figure 1.

Longitudinal T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in healthy controls and immunocompromised patients

(A) Schematic of the longitudinal study design, involving six cohorts of healthy and immunocompromised patient groups across five time points.

(B and C) (B) Representative flow plots at day 35 (n = 279 independent experiments) showing CD69 and CD154 expression after spike-peptide pool stimulation on memory CD4⁺ T cells (above), and (C) plots of their frequencies over time (below).

(D) Spike-specific CD4⁺ T cell frequencies at 6 months.

(E) Spike-specific CD4⁺ T cell frequencies across all time points.

(F) Spike-specific CD4⁺ T cell frequencies at ay 35 and 6 months based on the presence or absence of pre-existing day 0 responses.

(G) Spike-specific CD4⁺ T cell frequencies at day 35 and 6 months based on the presence or absence of pre-existing day 0 responses with data combined from all individuals.

(H) Representative flow plots at 6 months (n = 279 independent experiments) showing CD69 and CD137 expression after spike-peptide pool stimulation of memory CD8⁺ T cells.

(I) Spike-specific (CD69⁺CD137⁺) CD8⁺ T cell frequencies at 6 months.

Graphs show median ± interquartile range (IQR) (D and G) or median values (C, F, and I). (C, D, and I) Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test. (F and G) Mann-Whitney test. ^∗ p< 0.05, ^∗∗ p< 0.01, ^∗∗∗ p< 0.001, ns, not significant. See also Figures S1 and S2.