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. 2022 Jul 18;12:286. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02059-w

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A A schematic diagram showing the experimental methods. B Representative stimulation-response curves, illustrating the stimulation threshold (θ₀), Y_max, and the effects of cocaine and/or PIMSR on the stimulation-response curve. Cocaine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) shifted the stimulation-response curve to the left and decreased the stimulation threshold (θ₀ value), which was ameliorated by PIMSR. C Cocaine-induced reduction in the θ₀ value (% baseline) in the absence or presence of PIMSR, indicating that cocaine alone produced an enhancement in ICSS (as less stimulation current was required to initiate ICSS in the presence of cocaine). This effect was attenuated by pretreatment with PIMSR. D PIMSR alone (n = 12) did not alter the θ₀ value, suggesting that it is not rewarding or aversive by itself. *p < 0.05, compared to vehicle.