Table 1.

Systemic and local factors influencing osteocyte function

Stimuli (Systemic/Local)	Features affected (Local)	Factors released (Local/Systemic)	Final outcome (Systemic/Local)
PTH Estrogens 1,25(OH)2D3 Irisin Calcitonin Senescence TGF-β1 Pi pO2	Life-Span Network formation Secretome Mechanotrasduction	Sclerostin, DKK1, FGF23, DMP1, Phex, MEPE, Sema 3A RANKL, OPG SASPs, TGF-β1 OCN	• Bone Remodeling Balance • Matrix Mineralization • Perilacunocanalicular Remodeling • Errors correction in Ca2+/P homeostasis • Energy metabolism • Myogenesis • Oxidative stress

Major systemic and local stimuli that influence osteocyte activity, the functions affected, the factors released upon exposure to the stimuli, and the impact on the system