FIGURE 4.

Anti-muscle wasting effect of RC. Muscle function (A), grip strength; (B), tread mill exercise and muscle mass (C), representative DXA scan images; (D), percentage of lean body mass; (E), body fat percentage; (F), forelimb and hindlimb muscle weights were normalized to the total body weight. Effect of RC on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (G,H) and muscle type transition (I,J) was studied. Effect of RC on mRNA (K and L) and protein (M) expression of atrogens is shown. Relative cathepsin L mRNA expression (N). Data are shown as mean values ±SEM. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus DEX.