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. 2022 Jul 5;13:891762. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891762

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Copyright © 2022 Lee, Kim, Kim, Hahm, Seo, Ha, Jung and Ahn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of RC on oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, (A), catalase (B), and glutathione content (C). Enzyme activity (D) and isoform mRNA expression (E) of NADPH oxidase (NOX) were measured. Western blot analysis of Nrf2 and its downstream targets were performed (F). Malondialdehyde (MDA) for lipid peroxidation (G) and 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) for DNA damage (H) were measured. Data are shown as mean values ±SEM. (I) The potential mechanism of RC and rutin for the improvement of muscle atrophy. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus DEX.