Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study ID | Intervention and (control) groups | n (base line) | Diagnoses | Sex %F | Ethnicity %BAME | Age | Key findings as reported in paper |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conley et al. (33) | HOP-C(WLC) | 118 | • 85.5% CES-D>10 • 69.2% GAD-7>10 | 82.2 | 44.2 | 20.8 | • Self-stigma (SSMIS-SF) • Stigma appraisals • Self-efficacy (disclosure or secrecy) • Mental health symptoms (CES-D, GAD-7) |
| Corrigan et al. (34) | COP(WLC) | 126 | N/R | 63.5 | 64.5 | 45.6 | Self-stigma (SSMIS) Stigma stress Depressive symptoms (CES-D) |
| Hundert et al. (35) | HOP-C(WLC) | 75 | 85.45% CES-D>10 67.27% GAD-7>10 |
85.5 | N/R | 19.2 | Self-Stigma (SSMIS-SF) Stigma appraisals Self-efficacy (disclosure or secrecy) Mental health symptoms (CES-D, GAD-7) |
| Mulfinger et al. (38) | HOP+TAU(TAU) | 98 | 64% (58%) DD 19% (17%) AD |
69.4 | N/R | 15.8 | Stigma stress Quality of life Self-stigma (ISMI SSMIS) Empowerment Disclosure-related Help-seeking Hopelessness Attitudes to disclosure |
| Perlick et al. (36) | IOOV-FC(FE) | 122 | 100% CSS | 73.4 | 17.2 | 56.7 | Self-stigma Secret Withdrawal |
| Rüsch et al. (40) | COP+TAU(TAU) | 100 | 56% (64%) DD 18% (22%) BPD 16% (11%) SS |
59.0 | 2.0 | 42.0 | Self-stigma Empowerment Stigma stress Disclosure-related Secret Perceived benefits of disclosure |
| Rüsch et al. (39) | HOP+ACT(TAU) | 42 | 100% KKPDS≥13 100% MD≥3 |
52.0 | N/R | 46.1 | Job-search self-efficacy Help-seeking intentions Recovery (SISR) Self-stigma (SSMIS-SF) Depressive symptoms (CES-D) Hopelessness (BHS) Secret |
| Russinova et al. (37) | PV(TAU) | 82 | 34% SS 33% BPD 26% DD 7% other |
68.0 | 31.0 | 68% were > 40 years | Self-stigma (ISMIS) Coping with stigma Recovery (PGRS) Empowerment Depressive symptoms (CES-D) Self-efficacy |
AD, anxiety disorder; BHS, beck's hopelessness scale; BPD, bipolar disorder; CES-D, center for epidemiologic studies- depression scale; CSS, caregivers of schizophrenia spectrum disorder; DD, depressive symptoms; FE, family education; GAD-7, generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale; HOP-C, honest open proud-college; IOOV-FC, in our own voice– family companion; ISMIS, internalized stigma of mental illness scale; KKPDS, kessler's k6 psychological distress scale; MD, mental distress; N/R, not recorded; PGRS, Personal Growth and Recovery Scale; PV, photovoice; WLC, waiting list control; SISR, self-identified stage of recovery scale; SS, schizophrenia spectrum disorder; SSMIS-SF, self-stigma of mental illness scale-short form; TAU, treatment as usual.