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. 2022 Jul 5;13:913901. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913901

Figure 3.

Figure 3

An overview of study timelines and suppression of inflammatory and immune responses by SP-D in the rat OA model. (A) The ACLT + MMx rats were put into an electronic rotator cage for 30 min per day as a means of inducing OA model beginning 1 week post-surgery. At 4 weeks post-surgery, animals were injected intra-articularly with different concentrations of rhSP-D and TAK-242 once per week. PBS was used as controls in sham and OA model animals. At 10 weeks post-operation, the animals were euthanized by cardiac exsanguination. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and TEM were used for detection. (B) Microscopic observation and synovial immune cells infiltration were assessed via TEM (3,000 ×). 1 = macrophage;2 = neutrophil;3 = lymphocyte;4 = synovial fibroblast;The red arrows represented lysosomes. (C) Immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 and TNF-α in ACLT + MMx-induced OA rats with the administration of rhSP-D and TAK-242. The ratios of immunoreactive cells were quantified. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). ***P < 0.001 vs. the sham-operated group; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 vs. the OA-induction group; &P < 0.05 vs. OA + rhSP-D group; @P < 0.05 and @@P < 0.01 vs. OA + TAK-242 group.