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. 2022 Jul 5;9:859014. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859014

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of BNP and Sac/Val on atrial arrhythmogenesis. (A) Representative traces of a protocol with constant stimulation at 1 Hz in strips treated with ISO ± BNP; the overall effect of BNP treatment on arrhythmogenesis in this protocol is shown in (B). For this analysis, three time intervals (25–30, 45–50, and 65–70 min) after ISO have been screened for arrhythmias. (C) Example traces for muscle strips treated with ISO ± BNP during the switch from 3 Hz to 0.5 Hz stimulation frequency in a “frequency-variation protocol” protocol. The effects of BNP on arrhythmogenesis at 0.5 Hz (D) and pooled over all time points (E) are shown. For this analysis, the arrhythmias at 1 Hz (10 min) and 2, 3, and 0.5 Hz (each 5 min) have been included Finally, example traces of muscle strips treated with a vehicle (DMSO) or Sac/Val at the transition between 1 and 2 Hz stimulation frequency are shown in (F), with the effects of Sac/Val treatment on arrhythmias at higher stimulation frequencies in (G) and the overall effect on arrhythmia in (H). For this analysis, the arrhythmias at 1 Hz (10 min) and 2, 3, and 0.5 Hz (each 5 min) have been included. ISO, isoproterenol; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; Veh, vehicle (DSMO); Sac, sacubitrilat; Val, valsartan.