TABLE 2.

Significant changes of regional‐level temporal variability after SD with AAL3 atlas

Brain region	Hemisphere	RW	SD	t value	p value	p(FDR) value
Superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral	L	0.89 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.03	2.53	.0144	.0384
Middle frontal gyrus	L	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	3.29	.0018	.0082
	R	0.87 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.03	2.86	.0061	.0220
Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part	L	0.88 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	2.54	.0140	.0384
Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part	L	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	3.68	.0005	.0030
IFG pars orbitalis	L	0.88 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	4.66	1.87 × 10−5	.0004
Rolandic operculum	L	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	2.41	.0194	.0492
Supplementary motor area	L	0.89 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	3.57	.0008	.0038
Superior frontal gyrus, medial	L	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	3.54	.0008	.0040
	R	0.86 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	4.20	.0001	.0008
Superior frontal gyrus, medial orbital	L	0.86 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.03	2.82	.0067	.0236
Gyrus rectus	R	0.87 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.03	2.58	.0127	.0358
Anterior orbital gyrus	R	0.89 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.03	2.51	.0152	.0398
Lateral orbital gyrus	L	0.88 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.03	5.04	5.53 × 10−6	.0002
Insula	R	0.86 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.03	2.44	.0182	.0470
Middle cingulate and paracingulate gyri	R	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.03	3.13	.0028	.0120
Hippocampus	L	0.89 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.02	4.41	5.01 × 10−5	.0005
	R	0.89 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.03	4.42	4.85 × 10−5	.0005
Cuneus	L	0.85 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.03	2.70	.0092	.0285
Lingual gyrus	L	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	3.03	.0037	.0152
	R	0.88 ± 0.04	0.90 ± 0.04	2.62	.0115	.0339
Fusiform gyrus	L	0.88 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.04	2.73	.0086	.0273
Postcentral gyrus	L	0.91 ± 0.03	0.93 ± 0.02	4.04	.0002	.0012
	R	0.91 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.02	3.60	.0007	.0037
Superior parietal gyrus	R	0.87 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.03	2.60	.0071	.0239
Inferior parietal gyrus, excluding supramarginal, and angular gyri	R	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	2.81	.0068	.0236
Supramarginal gyrus	L	0.86 ± 0.04	0.88 ± 0.04	2.95	.0047	.0187
	R	0.85 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.04	2.53	.0144	.0384
Angular gyrus	L	0.89 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	2.61	.0118	.0339
	R	0.89 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03	2.91	.0053	.0200
Temporal pole: superior temporal gyrus	R	0.89 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.03	3.27	.0019	.0084
Lobule III of cerebellar hemisphere	L	0.86 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	4.44	4.45 × 10−5	.0005
	R	0.87 ± 0.04	0.89 ± 0.04	3.94	.0002	.0015
Lobule IV, V of vermis		0.94 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.03	−2.65	.0105	.0320
Lobule VII of vermis		0.92 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.04	−4.55	3.10 × 10−5	.0004
Lobule VIII of vermis		0.92 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.04	−4.56	2.96 × 10−5	.0004
Lobule IX of vermis		0.94 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.02	−2.87	.0059	.0220
Lobule X of vermis		0.94 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.04	−4.30	7.16 × 10−5	.0006
Thalamus, anteroventral nucleus	L	0.91 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.03	−4.71	1.80 × 10−5	.0004
	R	0.92 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.04	−5.49	1.10 × 10−6	7.08 × 10−5
Lateral posterior	L	0.90 ± 0.04	0.86 ± 0.04	−5.60	7.51 × 10−7	7.08 × 10−5
	R	0.89 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.04	−4.30	7.14 × 10−5	.0006
Ventral anterior	L	0.91 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	−3.60	.0007	.0037
	R	0.91 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.04	−3.43	.0012	.0056
Ventral lateral	L	0.92 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.04	−5.03	5.74 × 10−6	.0002
	R	0.92 ± 0.03	0.89 ± 0.04	−4.34	6.35 × 10−5	.0006
Ventral posterolateral	R	0.94 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.03	−3.88	.0003	.0017
Intralaminar	L	0.89 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.04	−3.87	.0003	.0017
	R	0.89 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.04	−4.36	5.97 × 10−5	.0006
Mediodorsal medial magnocellular	L	0.95 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.03	−2.92	.0051	.0197
Mediodorsal lateral parvocellular	L	0.94 ± 0.03	0.92 ± 0.03	−2.74	.0084	.0273
	R	0.94 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.03	−2.61	.0118	.0339
Lateral geniculate	L	0.92 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	−3.26	.0021	.0093
	R	0.92 ± 0.02	0.90 ± 0.04	−4.14	.0001	.0009
Medial Geniculate	L	0.91 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	−4.56	3.02 × 10−5	.0004
	R	0.91 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	−4.64	2.23 × 10−5	.0004
Pulvinar anterior	L	0.91 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	−5.43	1.40 × 10−6	7.08 × 10−5
	R	0.92 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	−4.83	1.19 × 10−5	.0003
Pulvinar medial	R	0.92 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.05	−3.98	.0002	.0014
Pulvinar inferior	R	0.87 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.04	2.73	.0085	.0273

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: L, left; R, right; RW, rested wakefulness; SD, sleep deprivation.