Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by sex.
|
Overall
N = 1,257 |
Men
N = 807 |
Women
N = 450 |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Age, years | 53.13 ± 12.65 | 52.05 ± 12.62 | 55.00 ± 12.78 | <0.01 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 215 (17.1) | 199 (24.24) | 16 (3.47) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.32 ± 3.90 | 25.96 ± 3.82 | 24.29 ± 3.98 | <0.01 |
| Fasting plasmaglucose, mmol/l | 5.82 ± 1.81 | 5.9 ± 1.78 | 5.70 ± 1.86 | 0.068 |
| Total triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.91 ± 1.56 | 2.07 ± 1.76 | 1.62 ± 1.05 | <0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.79 ± 1.07 | 4.68 ± 1.08 | 4.95 ± 1.01 | <0.01 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/l | 1.15 ± 0.34 | 1.08 ± 0.35 | 1.26 ± 0.29 | <0.01 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mmol/l | 3.12 ± 0.81 | 3.06 ± 0.81 | 3.20 ± 0.78 | 0.006 |
| Peripheral blood pressure | ||||
| Peripheral systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130.65 ± 18.56 | 131.45 ± 17.38 | 129.43 ± 20.60 | 0.075 |
| Peripheral diastolic pressure, mmHg | 76.69 ± 11.96 | 78.12 ± 11.52 | 74.19 ± 12.34 | 0.019 |
| Heart rate bpm | 69.25 ± 10.39 | 69.28 ± 10.26 | 69.38 ± 10.95 | 0.865 |
| Peripheral pulse pressure,mmHg | 53.96 ± 13.33 | 53.33 ± 12.50 | 55.24 ± 14.67 | 0.019 |
| Asymptomatic hypertension impaired target organs | ||||
| Creatinine clearance rate, mL/min 1.73 m2 | 90.07 ± 16.98 | 92.06 ± 17.70 | 86.49 ± 15.32 | <0.01 |
| Urinary creatinine ratio rate, mg/mmol | 6.43 ± 28.72 | 7.78 ± 34.11 | 3.45 ± 4.57 | 0.008 |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 104.05 ± 26.35 | 107.77 ± 26.52 | 96.18 ± 24.72 | <0.01 |
| Carotid intima-media thickness, mm | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 0.75 ± 0.15 | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 0.061 |
| cf-PWV m/s | 8.24 ± 2.02 | 8.35 ± 1.96 | 8.06 ± 2.11 | 0.015 |
| Prevalence of target organ damage | ||||
| eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 34 (3.1) | 17 (2.4) | 17 (4.4) | 0.075 |
| Urinary creatinine ratio rate >30 mg/g, n (%) | 117 (21.6) | 79 (20.9) | 38 (23.3) | 0.368 |
| Left ventricular hyper-trophy, n (%) | 260 (35.8) | 154 (30.8) | 106 (20.6) | <0.01 |
| Arterial target organ damage, n (%) | 348 (50.4) | 241 (52.9) | 107 (45.7) | 0.07 |
| cf-PWV≥10m/s, n (%) | 205 (16.3) | 133 (16.5) | 72 (16.0) | 0.825 |
| Clinical disease and treatment | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 401 (31.9) | 294 (36.4) | 107 (23.8) | <0.01 |
| Antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 382 (30.4) | 282 (34.9) | 100 (100) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes treatment, n (%) | 176 (13.7) | 120 (14.6) | 56 (12.1) | 0.218 |
Data are means and standard deviation or numbers with percentages in parentheses. Student t test and chi-squared test were conducted to compare the differences between men and women for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively; cf-PWV, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity.