Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of groups based on peripheral blood pressure and cf-PWV.
| Overall | Group (control) | Group (PBP) | Group (cf-PWV) | Group (PBP/cf-PWV) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1,257 | N = 777 | N = 275 | N = 87 | N = 118 | ||
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
| Age, y | 53.13 ± 12.65 | 50.75 ± 11.77 | 51.79 ± 11.69 | 66.00 ± 11.32 | 62.42 ± 11.52 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male, %) | 807 (64.20) | 494 (63.58) | 180 (65.45) | 59 (67.82) | 74 (62.71) | 0.819 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 215 (17.1) | 137 (17.63) | 47 (17.09) | 13 (14.94) | 18 (15.28) | 0.871 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.32 ± 3.90 | 24.88 ± 3.73 | 26.46 ± 4.16 | 24.83 ± 3.29 | 25.94 ± 4.18 | <0.01 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/l | 5.82 ± 1.81 | 5.61 ± 1.46 | 5.92 ± 2.01 | 6.52 ± 2.61 | 6.47 ± 2.30 | <0.01 |
| Total triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.91 ± 1.56 | 1.83 ± 1.32 | 2.13 ± 2.23 | 1.76 ± 1.26 | 2.00 ± 1.20 | 0.061 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.79 ± 1.07 | 4.83 ± 1.02 | 4.78 ± 1.22 | 4.47 ± 0.95 | 4.79 ± 1.07 | 0.057 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mmol/l | 1.15 ± 0.34 | 1.17 ± 0.35 | 1.09 ± 0.25 | 1.17 ± 0.51 | 1.10 ± 0.24 | 0.08 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mmol/l | 3.12 ± 0.81 | 3.16 ± 0.80 | 3.08 ± 0.83 | 2.89 ± 0.75 | 3.11 ± 0.82 | 0.043 |
| Peripheral blood pressure | ||||||
| Peripheral systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130.65 ± 18.56 | 120.04 ± 11.72 | 150.61 ± 10.20 | 128.91 ± 8.32 | 155.32 ± 13.82 | <0.01 |
| Peripheral diastolic pressure, mmHg | 76.69 ± 11.96 | 72.07 ± 9.32 | 87.30 ± 10.77 | 72.55 ± 9.08 | 85.47 ± 11.43 | <0.01 |
| Heart rate bpm | 69.25 ± 10.39 | 68.67 ± 10.23 | 69.14 ± 10.95 | 70.55 ± 9.25 | 72.42 ± 10.36 | 0.002 |
| Peripheral pulse pressure,mmHg | 53.96 ± 13.33 | 47.97 ± 8.83 | 63.31 ± 12.79 | 56.36 ± 9.92 | 69.85 ± 15.24 | <0.01 |
| Asymptomatic hypertension impaired target organs | ||||||
| Creatinine clearance rate, mL/min 1.73 m2 | 90.07 ± 16.98 | 91.56 ± 15.65 | 90.57 ± 16.53 | 87.36 ± 18.30 | 81.93 ± 21.76 | <0.01 |
| Urinary creatinine ratio rate, mg/mmol | 6.43 ± 28.72 | 3.91 ± 15.54 | 8.72 ± 33.28 | 21.27 ± 75.38 | 8.6 ± 19.80 | 0.001 |
| Left ventricular mass index, g/m2 | 104.05 ± 26.35 | 98.28 ± 22.58 | 111.82 ± 28.54 | 114.98 ± 30.36 | 116.92 ± 29.88 | <0.01 |
| Carotid intima-media thickness, mm | 0.74 ± 0.14 | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 0.74 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.17 | 0.81 ± 0.18 | <0.01 |
| cf-PWV m/s | 8.24 ± 2.02 | 7.29 ± 1.18 | 8.28 ± 1.01 | 11.54 ± 1.62 | 11.99 ± 1.45 | <0.01 |
| Prevalence of target organ damage | ||||||
| eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 34 (3.1) | 12 (1.9) | 7 (12.8) | 3 (3.8) | 12 (11.1) | 0.026 |
| Urinary creatinine ratio rate >30 mg/g, n (%) | 117 (21.6) | 57 (13.1) | 34 (27.6) | 9 (18.4) | 17 (32.6) | <0.01 |
| Left ventricular hyper-trophy, n (%) | 260 (35.8) | 124 (27.4) | 65 (44.8) | 36 (60.0) | 35 (50.7) | <0.01 |
| Arterial target organ damage, n (%) | 348 (50.4) | 181 (43.7) | 70 (47.9) | 43 (76.8) | 54 (73.0) | <0.01 |
| Clinical disease and treatment | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 401 (31.9) | 216 (28.3) | 104 (36.1) | 35 (40.2) | 46 (38.7) | 0.007 |
| Antihypertensive treatment | 382 (30.4) | 214 (27.4) | 92 (33.7) | 30 (34.5) | 46 (38.7) | 0.026 |
| Diabetes treatment | 173 (13.8) | 105 (13.5) | 33 (12.0) | 15 (17.2) | 20 (16.9) | 0.448 |
Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables or n (%), analysis of variance for numeric variables and chi-square test for categoric variables.
Groups by peripheral blood pressure and cf-PWV.
Group(control): normal blood pressure and cf-PWV group, with peripheral blood pressure less than 140/90mmHg and cf-PWV < 10 m/s.
Group (PBP): only elevated blood pressure group, normal cf-PWV group, with peripheral blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg and cf-PWV < 10 m/s.
Group(cf-PWV): only the group with elevated cf-PWV had peripheral blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg and cf-PWV ≥ 10 m/s.
Group (PBP/cf-PWV): the group with abnormal peripheral blood pressure and cf-PWV, peripheral blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg and cf-PWV ≥ 10 m/s.