Table 2.

Thematic analysis.

Theme	Exemplar
A Gendered Continuum of Abuse	“And the resident made a comment like, “Oh, I'm so excited we have this great team”, and he was referring to the male medical student and his male senior and had, like, his arms around both of them. Meanwhile I was walking in front of them and turned around and said, “What am I, chopped liver?” Because he hadn't said my name but he had included the other two's names in the team, but not mine.” “But so many times in residency patients would say to me, “Can I have a pillow?” “Can you help clean up this mess?” And I would be with a group of other residents but I would be singled out. And I don't know if that's because of my ethnicity, or if it was because of my gender, or if it was both so I think they just assumed that I was either a nurse or I was housekeeping. And they wouldn't ask my male colleagues.” “And then also small things to be confused for the nurse because you're female. Like it doesn't matter how many times you introduce yourself as a doctor, you come back the very next day and you're the nurse. I'm like, how can I change my status from day to day? It's like I'm the doctor and I told you that.” “So, from nursing I think that's the biggest most prohibitive and toxic way. First of all, in the medical ICU: if male residents are kind to nurses in our medical ICU they're lauded and loved. Versus, I know when I'm smiling and nice to them, they actually don't trust me and they roll their eyes at me.” “And there were countless times when I would walk into the room and they would get off the phone by saying, ‘Oh, I have to go, the nurse is here.” Or they would ask me, “Oh, are you a nursing student?” I would say, “No, I'm a medical student.” And they'd say, “Oh, what kind of nurse are you going to be?”, after I just told them I was a medical student.”
Establishing a higher standard of competency	“So, I think they feel, not all, but there are a few people who are just, they try to take advantage of you, thinking that you might not be strong enough or confident enough with what you're doing.” “…in the past, there were a few comments where in, um, some of the patients were pleasantly surprised that my spoken English and accent was not as bad as they perceived…so I've seen or sensed that some-some patients when I go to see them into the room they probably didn't expect me or they seem surprised, um, and they're not as forthcoming initially but once I start talking and then kind of converse with them and give information they seem to be more open…I've seen that happen time and time again.” “…I've had experiences of being treated both by attendings and by patients, ah, as being, like, less smart or less confident or less capable because I think being a woman and being a colored woman…” “…And so, I think the battle with being a black physician is the hurdle of credibility…it can make you develop a complex because you already have imposter syndrome, you're probably the only black person in the department or in the residency…. we have such an additional psychological burden that [the] majority of people will never understand…” “Having my decisions rudely questioned or responded to by nurses is a big one for me. In general, the way nursing is and the way they ask for things, the way they page for things, and the way they differentially treat male residents versus female residents. […] And I've asked my male colleagues if this is what they run into and they say, “No, they just get it for me or do it for me”.”
Overcoming the stereotype of the white male physician	“…, it's not every day, so I didn't, um, at least two or three times a week…I think it could be worse…if my gender was different and nothing else about me changed, just my gender, would it be worse?” “…it seems that it's easier for patients to feel…ah… comfortable speaking to someone that looks like the stereotypical physician, which at the current moment our stereotypical physician is a white male…” “…You know, it's when somebody judges you based on something you can't help, like your skin tone or your gender or your sexuality, it can really throw you and now you're not there 100% for the rest of your patients.” “And then I had an instance of somebody that just clearly seemed to be fixated on my intern, who was, like, an all-over white male on being the doctor when I was the senior resident and trying to get his information, so I guess, just gravitating toward the white doctor in the room …” “So, he's like, “Hi I'm < first name>, < first name, last name>.” He then introduces everybody by first name. So, one day I actually came out of the room and I was pissed off and I was like, “Hey, why are we introducing ourself by first name?” And he's like, “It sets rapport with the patient.” I'm like, “Yeah, that's easy for you to say. You're a tall white dude […] you walk into the room and everybody knows you're a doctor. I walk in and people think I'm a nurse”.”
Physicality of self identity	“I think they're very pleasant but as they come and approach face-to-face then they're like, “Oh, [she] has eye brows which are not very well done” […] and then, “Oh, this girl looks a little different”. And then I see their reactions in the eyes, [they] look a little disgusted… So, I do feel that the young, probably very young, white nurses they do feel that.” “…being confused from a nurse I always took it with pride to be honest… being asked to do things as a short Latina is very common place and being asked to do things that you know white male counterparts would never be asked to do from patients…” “For example, like one or two say, “You always change your hair”. I say, “Yeah, because I have the ability to change my hair, to wear braids or whatever. Like, why are you saying this in front of the patient? Like why?” “He physically looked over me. Like I was standing closer to him. I'm 5'2” and he's probably 6'2”, like, tall enough that there's a substantial height different between the two of us. But I wasn't like within a foot that he had to look straight down at me to see me. There was enough room that I was within his field of sight, but the two 3rd years were standing behind me and he very visibly looked over and past me toward them. He walked over to them and clapped one of them on the back like, “Oh are you gonna do this?”
	“A lot of patients ask if I'm pregnant because I have a prominent belly. We have overweight white female attendings and I've never seen them ask if they're pregnant. So, I don't know if my minority played into patients asking if I'm pregnant, but it happens a lot.”
The need to be protective of minoritized trainees	“…I was the attending and he [Asian resident] came out and presented to me and then I went in and the patient was like, “I did not understand a word that [expletive] doctor said to me.” And this guy [resident] was born and raised in New York.so I said, “Actually, he speaks English very well, so I'm surprised you did not understand what he was saying”.” “I think, if it were to happen to one of my trainees, either medical students, residents, or fellows, I think I feel a lot more comfortable and I care a lot less about offending people. I think I would just outright stop it and explain to them how it's inappropriate. And so, I think if it it's coming from a patient, I think I would be a lot more bold than I used to be. I was a lot more timid about things, and again it probably comes with age and being more jaded…” “When I'm with students, it's a little different…I know the students and residents have these racial interactions and encounters…but the comments I see toward, you know, students and residents, particularly residents, I wouldn't say students, probably more residents, um that I would guess, are more along that sexual, you know, that gender bias, you know so ageism, right? You know you're too young to know what you're talking about.” “… I mean I can't step in for my intern because I'm like the same background as her and it's kind of weird so I page her out of the room.” [When PPtP occurs]