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. 2022 Jul 6;37(28):e225. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e225

Table 2. Screen time and behavioral problems in 2020 and 2021 (n = 186).

Variables 2020 2021 MD T value P value
Screen time variables
Smartphone frequency per week 4.54 5.35 0.81 4.13 < 0.001
Smartphone screen time per day 3.16 3.52 0.37 3.69 < 0.001
Tablet PC frequency per week 3.44 3.77 0.34 1.41 0.160
Tablet PC screen time per day 2.72 3.22 0.50 3.76 < 0.001
TV frequency per week 4.77 3.77 −1.00 −5.43 < 0.001
TV screen time per day 3.26 2.88 −0.39 −4.09 < 0.001
Children’s variables
Sleep Problem Score (CSHQ) 3.67 3.59 0.75 0.47 0.641
Problematic Behavior Score (BPI) 11.85 9.15 −2.71 −5.55 < 0.001
Parents’ variables
Depression Score (PHQ-9) 5.06 5.59 0.53 1.62 0.106

CSHQ = Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, BPI = Behavior Problem Index, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.