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Direct effect, indirect effect, and total effects.
| Effect | Sensory experiences | Place dependence | Place identity | |
| Place | Direct effect | 0.676 | ||
| dependence | Indirect effect | – | ||
| Total effects | 0.676 | |||
| Place | Direct effect | 0.613 | ||
| identity | Indirect effect | – | ||
| Total effects | 0.613 | |||
| Digital | Direct effect | – | 0.226 | 0.564 |
| engagement | Indirect effect | 0.499 | – | – |
| Total effects | 0.575 | 0.226 | 0.564 |
