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. 2022 Jul 5;13:945664. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945664

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of free-play behaviors (based on each dyad’s average per object of each solidity type).

Free-play behaviors per object Solidity Mean (SD) Range
Caregiver naming Number of instances Solid 2.98 (2.66) 0.00–8.67
Nonsolid 1.67 (1.59) 0.00–5.67
Child manual exploration Number of total manual actions Solid 12.26 (3.57) 6.00–19.33
Nonsolid 6.07 (3.39) 1.33–13.67
Number of whole-handed actions Solid 10.24 (2.80) 5.33–14.00
Nonsolid 3.19 (2.54) 0.00–7.33
Coordinated exploration Number of instances Solid 7.93 (2.28) 5.00–12.33
Nonsolid 2.74 (2.09) 0.00–6.00
Ratio of instances to whole-hand actions Solid 0.77 (0.12) 0.59–0.93
Nonsolid 0.61 (0.28) 0.00–1.00
Duration of instances (sec) Solid 5.04 (2.93) 2.30–12.80
Nonsolid 5.34 (3.99) 0.00–14.33
Synchronous naming Number of instances Solid 1.07 (1.25) 0.00–3.33
Nonsolid 0.36 (0.50) 0.00–1.33
Ratio of instances to coordinated exploration instances Solid 0.19 (0.23) 0.00–0.58
Nonsolid 0.10 (0.15) 0.00–0.47