Table 2.
Hygienic venipuncture of medical students after the first and second lockdown in Germany during 2020–2021 (N = 371)
| First lockdown | Second lockdown | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | (N = 180) | (N = 191) | |
| Scores for other stations | |||
| Relative OSCE Score | 68.23 ± 6.46 | 66.1 ± 7.75 | .003 |
| Relative score venipuncture | 74.86 ± 11.3 | 73.89 ± 18.23 | .833 |
| Doctor-patient communication | |||
| The patient is not informed about the procedure | 39 (21.7) | 57 (29.8) | .073 |
| The patient is informed about the procedure | 141 (78.3) | 134 (70.2) | |
| Preparation of the material | |||
| More than one material or the sharp-safe is missing | 78 (43.3) | 48 (25.1) | < .001 |
| At least one material is missing | 22 (12.2) | 22 (11.5) | |
| Complete and correct preparation of the material | 80 (44.4) | 121 (63.4) | |
| Hygienic hand disinfection and medical gloves prior to patient contact | |||
| Neither hygienic hand disinfection nor medical gloves | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1) | .412 |
| Medical gloves without prior hand disinfection | 10 (5.6) | 6 (3.1) | |
| Hand disinfection and medical gloves | 169 (93.9) | 183 (95.8) | |
| Tourniquet usage | |||
| The tourniquet is not applied or disposed of correctly | 4 (2.2) | 12 (6.3) | .354 |
| tourniquet is not applied, while the needle is pulled before disposing of the tourniquet | 54 (30) | 56 (29.3) | |
| The tourniquet is applied and disposed in the correct manner | 122 (67.8) | 123 (64.4) | |
| Disinfection of the puncture site | |||
| The puncture site is not disinfected, or it is palpated after the disinfection and prior to the venipuncture | 12 (6.7) | 15 (7.9) | .661 |
| The puncture site is correctly disinfected | 168 (93.3) | 176 (92.1) | |
| Exposure time of the disinfectant | |||
| 30 seconds exposure time is not considered | 6 (3.3) | 3 (1.6) | .271 |
| 30 seconds exposure time is considered | 174 (96.7) | 188 (98.4) | |
| Hygienic needle | |||
| The needle is not sterile or is curved | 28 (15.6) | 32 (16.8) | .754 |
| The needle is sterile and not curved | 152 (84.4) | 159 (83.2) | |
| Correct venipuncture | |||
| The vein is not punctured | 31 (17.2) | 58 (30.9) | < .001 |
| The vein is punctured the second time | 62 (34.4) | 78 (40.8) | |
| The vein is punctured the first time | 87 (48.3) | 54 (28.3) | |
| Discarding the puncture needle | |||
| The needle is not discarded correctly | 71 (39.4) | 94 (49.2) | .256 |
| The needle is discarded immediately but not correctly | 36 (20) | 21 (11) | |
| The needle is discarded immediately and correctly | 73 (40.6) | 76 (39.8) | |
| Hand disinfection after discarding the medical gloves | |||
| Hands are not disinfected after discarding the medical gloves | 94 (52.2) | 65 (34) | < .001 |
| Hands are disinfected after discarding the medical gloves | 86 (47.8) | 126 (66) | |
| Structure in the work process | |||
| The work process is not structured | 5 (2.8) | 20 (10.5) | < .001 |
| The work process is partly structured | 37 (20.6) | 59 (30.9) | |
| The work process is structured | 138 (76.7) | 112 (58.6) | |
Counts are described by their frequency and percentage. Continuous variables are described by their mean and standard deviation
Statistic differences between after the first and the second lockdown was tested using the Mann-Whitney-U test