Table 1. Patient Characteristics by Payer Status.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 2 950 147) | Commercial insurance (n = 1 000 068) | Medicare (n = 1 427 791) | Medicaid (n = 321 600) | Uninsured (n = 59 729) | Other payer (n = 140 959) | |
| Hospitalized with COVID-19, % | ||||||
| ≤5.0 | 1 414 204 (47.9) | 468 163 (46.8) | 708 879 (49.7) | 141 802 (44.1) | 32 403 (54.3) | 62 957 (44.7) |
| 5.1-10.0 | 513 795 (17.4) | 161 309 (16.1) | 243 337 (17) | 57 993 (18) | 16 520 (27.7) | 34 636 (24.6) |
| 10.1-25.0 | 607 068 (20.6) | 227 763 (22.8) | 286 627 (20.1) | 63 070 (19.6) | 6199 (10.4) | 23 409 (16.6) |
| >25.0 | 415 080 (14.1) | 142 833 (14.3) | 188 948 (13.2) | 58 735 (18.3) | 4607 (7.7) | 19 957 (14.2) |
| Period | ||||||
| Baseline | 2 747 236 (93.1) | 935 033 (93.5) | 1 329 865 (93.1) | 296 969 (92.3) | 54 416 (91.1) | 130 953 (92.9) |
| Surge | 202 911 (6.9) | 65 035 (6.5) | 97 926 (6.9) | 24 631 (7.7) | 5313 (8.9) | 10 006 (7.1) |
| Admission status | ||||||
| Emergency | 894 029 (30.3) | 232 370 (23.2) | 434 120 (30.4) | 137 625 (42.8) | 38 445 (64.4) | 51 469 (36.5) |
| Urgent | 278 239 (9.4) | 82 336 (8.2) | 141 150 (9.9) | 34 280 (10.7) | 7538 (12.6) | 12 935 (9.2) |
| Elective | 1 777 879 (60.3) | 685 362 (68.5) | 852 521 (59.7) | 149 695 (46.6) | 13 746 (23) | 76 555 (54.3) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 550 752 (52.6) | 521 922 (52.2) | 776 419 (54.4) | 174 933 (54.4) | 26 221 (43.9) | 51 257 (36.4) |
| Male | 1 399 395 (47.4) | 478 146 (47.8) | 651 372 (45.6) | 146 667 (45.6) | 33 508 (56.1) | 89 702 (63.6) |
| Age group, y | ||||||
| 18-30 | 149 731 (5.1) | 74 078 (7.4) | 4782 (0.3) | 47 672 (14.8) | 10 326 (17.3) | 12 873 (9.1) |
| 31-50 | 521 567 (17.7) | 282 782 (28.3) | 52 258 (3.7) | 121 455 (37.8) | 24 329 (40.7) | 40 743 (28.9) |
| 51-64 | 918 197 (31.1) | 531 128 (53.1) | 170 981 (12) | 137 770 (42.8) | 21 532 (36.1) | 56 786 (40.3) |
| 65-74 | 792 220 (26.9) | 93 631 (9.4) | 664 564 (46.5) | 9716 (3) | 2321 (3.9) | 21 988 (15.6) |
| 75-79 | 273 891 (9.3) | 11 351 (1.1) | 254 711 (17.8) | 2537 (0.8) | 612 (1) | 4680 (3.3) |
| 80-84 | 162 233 (5.5) | 4426 (0.4) | 153 818 (10.8) | 1475 (0.5) | 349 (0.6) | 2165 (1.5) |
| 85-89 | 86 588 (2.9) | 1879 (0.2) | 82 723 (5.8) | 664 (0.2) | 143 (0.2) | 1179 (0.8) |
| ≥90 | 45 720 (1.6) | 793 (0.1) | 43 954 (3.1) | 311 (0.1) | 117 (0.2) | 545 (0.4) |
| Race | ||||||
| Asian | 59 472 (2) | 23 072 (2.3) | 22 852 (1.6) | 9587 (3) | 1160 (1.9) | 2801 (2) |
| Black | 381 772 (12.9) | 110 739 (11.1) | 156 203 (10.9) | 78 347 (24.4) | 11 926 (20) | 24 557 (17.4) |
| White | 2 299 899 (78) | 802 875 (80.3) | 1 183 060 (82.9) | 182 522 (56.8) | 35 171 (58.9) | 96 271 (68.3) |
| Othera | 209 004 (7.1) | 63 382 (6.3) | 65 676 (4.6) | 51 144 (15.9) | 11 472 (19.2) | 17 330 (12.3) |
| Tested positive for COVID-19 during surgeb | 1969 (0.97) | 429 (0.66) | 936 (0.96) | 440 (1.79) | 40 (0.75) | 124 (1.24) |
a
All individuals of races other than White, Black, and Asian were grouped in the other category because the original data were categorized in this manner.
b
The surge period was defined as the period from March 1 to May 31, 2020.