Table 1. NNNS Profiles z Scores^a.

NNNS summary score	Profile 1 (n = 79 [11.6%])	Profile 2 (n = 209 [30.7%])	Profile 3 (n = 78 [11.5%])	Profile 4 (n = 108 [15.9%])	Profile 5 (n = 158 [23.3%])b	Profile 6 (n = 47 [6.9%])b
Attention	1.33	−0.17	−0.26	0.49	−0.49	−0.48
Handling	−0.17	−0.51	0.79	0.54	−0.22	0.72
Regulation	1.32	0.23	−0.79	0.58	−0.50	−1.55
Arousal	−0.88	−0.30	1.34	0.27	−0.40	1.29
Excitability	−0.53	−0.64	1.13	0.01	−0.14	2.32
Lethargy	−0.32	0.14	−0.47	−0.64	0.74	−0.35
Hypertonicity	−0.08	−0.14	0.43	−0.16	−0.14	0.85
Hypotonicity	−0.34	−0.16	−0.14	−0.32	0.67	−0.02
Nonoptimal reflexes	−0.55	−0.24	−0.26	−0.63	1.05	0.35
Asymmetric reflexes	0.57	−0.43	−0.53	0.82	−0.04	0.07
Quality of movement	0.75	0.43	0.38	−0.08	−0.57	−1.69
Stress abstinence	−0.30	−0.66	0.16	0.51	0.25	1.16

Abbreviation: NNNS, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale.

^a Infants with profile 1 had scores that reflect sustained, focused attention and well-modulated arousal tone, movement quality, and self-regulation; they required average handling assistance to sustain alertness. Infants with profile 2 had the fewest stress indicators and predominantly average performance on remaining scores. Infants with profile 3 required more handling assistance and had less self-regulation, with higher arousal and excitability. Infants with profile 4 needed increased handling assistance but showed modulated attention, tone, and self-regulation. Infants with profile 5 (a high behavioral risk profile) showed poorly sustained attention, low arousal with the most lethargy and hypotonia, and increased numbers of nonoptimal reflexes. Infants with profile 6 (a high behavioral risk profile) showed poorly sustained attention, self-regulation, and quality of movement in addition to extremely high levels of arousal, excitability, hypertonicity, and stress signs.

^b High behavioral risk profiles.