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. 2022 Jul 4;18(11):4414–4431. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.72952

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Fig 5 — Regulatory network of HMGA1 in the head and neck cancer. Glioma: HMGA1 negatively regulates the expression of Numb to inhibit the asymmetric division of stem cells and positively regulates Sox2 to drive the dryness of cells. ZEB2 also targets HMGA1 and vimentin to promote glioma. Thyroid cancer: TGF-β1 and S100A13 upregulate the expression of HMGA1 to promote invasion and metastasis, and HMGA1 can inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis. Pituitary tumours: HMGA1 participates in the coding of CCNB2 to regulate the cell cycle. After E2F1 binds to HMGA1, PIT1, a key factor of pituitary development, shows a higher level in malignant tumours.