Loss of VIPR1 correlates with ASS1 downregulation and increased phosphorylation of CAD. (A) Expressions of arginine synthesis related genes (ASS1, CPS1, SLC25A13, SLC25A15) in human HCC and adjacent non-tumor samples were examined by qRT-PCR. (B) Protein levels of ASS1 and p-CAD/total CAD ratio in paired HCC and adjacent non-tumor clinical samples (n=12). (C) Quantification of ASS1 protein level, p-CAD/CAD ratio in paired HCC and non-tumor clinical samples (n=12). (D) Linear correlation between VIPR1 and ASS1 protein expression levels; and correlation between ASS1 and p-CAD/CAD ratio. (E) Preoperative serum urea level comparison between VIPR1high (n=17) and VIPR1low (n=18) HCC patients. (F) ROC curve of VIPR1 (AUC: 0.742; 95% CI: 0.586 to 0.863; p value: 0.0023); AFP (AUC: 0.735; 95% CI: 0.579 to 0.858; p value: 0.0038; cutoff value: 15.88ng/ml); Urea (AUC: 0.710; 95% CI: 0.552 to 0.838; p value:0.0077; cutoff value: 3.48mmol/l) in a prospective HCC cohort (n=43). Two-tailed paired Student's t test with Welch's correction was performed in panel C; Two-tailed p value and Pearson r value were showed in panel D; unpaired Student's t test was performed in panel E. Values represent means±SEM. *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01.