a, Confirmation of BMDMs identify by flow cytometry. After differentiating bone marrow cells with L929 conditioned medium for 7 days, cells debris (left) were first excluded and singlets (middle) then phenotyped on the basis of F4/80 and CD11b expression (right) to define BMDM, the numbers indicate the percentage of gated cells. Data were further analyzed with FlowJo. V10.8.0 and shown as representative of 2 independent experiments.
b-c, EccDNAs induce cytokine genes in BMDMs. Bar graphs showing the induction of mRNA (b) and protein (c) of IL-6 and TNF-α in BMDMs that transfected with varying levels of eccDNA, compared with fragmented linear DNA, and poly(dG:dC). RT-qPCR were performed after 12-hours transfection. ELISA analysis (c) was performed after 24-hours transfection. Data is shown as mean ± S EM of replicates (n=4 per group) of a representative experiment of three independent experiments. Comparisons were performed on biological replicates with equal amount of DNA transfection by Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; ****, p<0.0001; ns, no significant; nd, not detected.