Table 2.

Summary of characteristics of included studies

Characteristics	Included studies
Publication year range	2013–2021
Participants (n)	2,488
Range of age means	9.5–16.41 years
Studies with children (age mean <12 years)	6 (SR: 2)
Studies with adolescents (age mean >12 years)	8 (SR: 6, SR + PR: 1)
Studies scale-based/time-based/both	5/3/6
Studies on general internet or media use/PUI/gaming/other	3/6/4/2
Studies with one or more clinical (or not typically developing) control groups	5
No. of countries	10

Note. SR= Self-rating, PR= Parent rating.