Table 3.

Effect sizes and results for main and subgroups differences and results of sensitivity analyses

			Effects of comparison				Hetero- Subgroup geneity differences
	Studies (K)	Participants (n)	SMD	95% CI	Z	P	I 2	P
1. Time-based all	9	1,328	0.31	0.07–0.55	2.55	0.01	77%	0.22
Children	4	627	0.15	−0.30–0.60	0.66	0.51	87%
Adolescents	5	701	0.45	0.29–0.61	5.41	<0.001	7%
1. SA Time-based all b)	8	1,168	0.41	0.29–0.53	6.84	<0.001	0%	0.48
Children b)	3	467	0.36	0.18–0.54	3.85	<0.001	0%
2. Scale-based all	11	1,848	1.13	0.66–1.60	4.70	<0.001	95%	0.12
Children	5	967	0.76	0.52–1.00	6.27	<0.001	65%
Adolescents	6	881	1.58	0.59–2.57	3.12	0.002	95%
2. SA Scale-based all a)	10	1,728	0.68	0.46–0.90	6.14	<0.001	76%	0.45
Adolescents a)	5	761	0.59	0.19–0.98	6.14	<0.001	83%
3. Parent- vs. self-rated all	14	2,252	0.91	0.63–1.31	4.39	<0.001	95%	0.05
Parent-rated	6	921	0.49	0.05–0.93	2.19	<0.001	90%
Self-rated	8	1,331	1.27	0.63–1.91	3.87	<0.001	95%
3. SA Parent- vs. self-rated all a), b)	12	1,972	0.64	0.46–0.83	4.54	<0.001	74%	0.81
Parent-rated b)	5	761	0.67	0.39–0.94	4.79	<0.001	67%
Self-rated a)	7	1,211	0.62	0.35–0.89	4.54	<0.001	79%
4. Non-clinical vs. clinical controls all	14	2,452	0.84	0.46–1.23	4.33	<0.001	95%	0.01
Clinical controls	5	791	0.29	−0.14, 0.72	1.34	0.180	87%
Non-clinical (healthy) controls	9	1,661	1.20	0.65–1.76	4.25	<0.001	96%
4. SA Clinical controls vs. non-clinical controls all a),b)	12	2,172	0.55	0.33–0.76	5.03	<0.001	81%	0.09
Non-clinical (healthy) controls a), b)	7	1,381	0.70	0.48–0.92	6.29	<0.001	71%

Note. SA = Sensitivity analysis; Italics: sensitivity analysis; ^a) Izmir et al. (2019) removed; ^b) Párraga et al. (2019) removed.