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. 2022 Apr 7;11(2):427–450. doi: 10.1556/2006.2022.00013

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© 2022 The Author(s)

Open Access. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

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Fig. 2. — Factor loadings and residual covariances of the four-factor models of the ACSID-11 (frequency) for (A) gaming disorder, (B) online gambling disorder, (C) online buying-shopping disorder, (D) online pornography-use disorder, and (E) social-networks-use disorder. Notes. Sample sizes varied for gaming (n = 440), online shopping (n = 944), online-pornography use (n = 340), social-networks use (n = 854), and online gambling (n = 200); The intensity scale of the ACSID-11 showed similar results. ACSID-11 = Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders, 11-items; Values represent standardized factor loadings, factor covariances, and residual covariances. All estimates were significant at p < 0.001.