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. 2022 Mar 25;11(2):481–491. doi: 10.1556/2006.2022.00008

Table 2.

Self-reported withdrawal-related affective, anhedonia, and gaming urge symptoms among individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and regular gamers

IGD(%) Regular gamer (%)
Withdrawal-related affective symptoms
Dysphoria 16 (23.1%) 2 (2.9%)
Anxiety 29 (42.0%) 7 (10.1%)
Irritability 43 (62.3%) 17 (24.6%)
Frustration 5 (7.3%) 2 (2.9%)
Relief through gaming 49 (71%) 16 (23.2%)
Symptom onset after abstaining from gaming N = 54 (78.3%) N=19 (27.5%)
 0.5–1 day 16 (23.2%) 4 (5.8%)
 1–2 days 22 (31.9%) 8 (11.6%)
 >3 days 9 (13.0%) 4 (5.8%)
 No consistent timing 7 (10.1%) 3 (4.3%)
Withdrawal-related anhedonia syndrome
Boredom 43 (62.3%) 16 (23.2%)
Inability to experience pleasure 14 (20.3%) 6 (8.7%)
Disinclination for activity 28 (40.6%) 4 (5.8%)
Inability to find things to do 36 (52.2%) 14 (20.3%)
Relief through gaming 53 (76.8%) 20 (29.0%)
Symptom onset after abstaining from gaming N = 56 (81.2%) N=22 (31.9%)
 0.5–1 day 25 (36.2%) 8 (11.6%)
 1–2 days 18 (26.1%) 7 (10.1%)
 >3 days 7 (10.1%) 4 (5.8%)
 No consistent timing 6 (8.7%) 3 (4.3%)
Withdrawal-related gaming urge
Preoccupation 47 (68.1%) 13 (18.8%)
Urge to game 33 (47.8%) 7 (10.1%)
Attempts to find games to play 23 (33.3%) 4 (5.8%)
Relief through gaming 51 (73.9%) 16 (23.2%)
Symptom onset after abstaining from gaming N = 55 (79.7%) N=16 (23.2%)
 0.5–1 day 28 (40.6%) 6 (8.7%)
 1–2 days 18 (26.1%) 7 (10.1%)
 >3 days 5 (7.3%) 1 (1.4%)
 No consistent timing 5 (7.3%) 2 (2.9%)
Reasons for playing games
Irritability or dysphoria 35 (50.7%) 13 (18.8%)
Unsatisfied needs for happiness 28 (40.6%) 13 (18.8%)
Urge to game 37 (53.6%) 7 (10.1%)
Unresolved gaming missions 37 (53.6%) 12 (17.4%)
Boredom or lack of activities to do 44 (63.8%) 15 (21.7%)
Status of gaming as a daily ritual 39 (56.5%) 15 (21.7%)
Most crucial reason
 Status of gaming as a daily ritual activity 20 (29.0%) 8 (11.6%)
 Boredom or lack of activities to do 12 (17.4%) 5 (7.2%)
 Unresolved gaming missions 10 (14.4%) 3 (4.3%)
 Irritability or dysphoria 7 (10.1%) 2 (2.9%)
 Urge to game 5 (7.3%) 1 (1.4%)
 Unsatisfied needs for happiness 4 (5.8%) 3 (4.3%)

%: Percentage among 69 participants with IGD or 69 controls.