Table 3.
Age, Withdrawal-Related Symptoms (WRS), gaming urge, severity of IGD, and heart rate variability among individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and controls with regular gaming habit
| IGD (N = 69) N (%) |
Regular gaming (N = 69) N (%) |
||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | t test | |
| Age | 25.32 ± 4.20 | 24.59 ± 3.41 | 1.11 |
| WRSa | 39.97 ± 12.04 | 26.46 ± 8.86 | 7.506*** |
| Affective (8 items)a | 19.87 ± 6.93 | 13.91 ± 5.03 | 5.78*** |
| Anhedonia (4 items)a | 11.33 ± 4.21 | 7.48 ± 2.89 | 6.28*** |
| Gaming urge (3 items)a | 8.77 ± 2.32 | 5.07 ± 2.03 | 9.95*** |
| Gaming cravingb | 52.61 ± 7.60 | 32.70 ± 11.80 | 11.783*** |
| Severity of IGDc | 82.87 ± 10.49 | 55.87 ± 14.69 | 12.423*** |
| Heart rated | 79.49 ± 11.29 | 75.07 ± 12.30 | 2.195* |
| SDNNd | 62.89 ± 45.33 | 61.11 ± 40.27 | 0.242 |
| HFd | 5.97 ± 1.43 | 6.11 ± 1.41 | −0.595 |
| LF percentd | 59.27 ± 17.30 | 59.25 ± 17.35 | 0.006 |
| VLd | 6.70 ± 1.44 | 6.70 ± 1.35 | 0.024 |
| LFd | 6.67 ± 1.18 | 6.76 ± 1.31 | −0.445 |
| HF percentd | 31.20 ± 14.22 | 32.30 ± 14.40 | −0.451 |
| LF/HFd | 0.69 ± 0.87 | 0.64 ± 0.75 | 0.357 |
a Total and subscale scores for Affective and Behavior Withdrawal Symptoms of Gaming Disorder Questionnaire.
b Questionnaire on Gaming Urge-Brief Version.
c Chen Internet Addiction Scale-Gaming Version.
d Frequency-domain category of heart rate variability: SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals; HF, parasympathetic activity; LF is modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic activity; LF/HF, balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.