Fig. 3.

INV&GEC effects were more strongly negative in cases of drought and warming, with larger proportions of interactions showing negative synergistic effects than nitrogen deposition. (A) Effects of all treatments were more detrimental in cases that manipulated drought than other GECs. (B) Bar plots show distributions of the INV&GEC interaction types across GECs. Only GECs with at least at least 10 cases from at least 5 studies (excluding CO₂, O₂, and pH) are shown (see SI Appendix, Fig. S3.8 for full results).