Table 1. Candidate target genes studied and their related function in fish.

	Genes	Description / Related function	Organism	References
Gut marker genes	apoa1a apoa4a	Apolipoprotein A1 and A4 / Anterior intestine marker	Zebrafish	[36]
	aqp3a	Aquaporin 3 / Posterior intestine marker	Zebrafish	[36]
	ccka cckar	Cholecystokinin and its receptor / Regulating the release of digestive enzymes	Goldfish Zebrafish	[30]
	ctsl1	Cathepsin L1 / Posterior intestine marker	Zebrafish	[36]
	ghrl	Ghrelin / Orexigenic effects with intestinal expression	Goldfish Zebrafish	[37–39]
	insa	Insulin A / Intestinal target of leptin signal	Zebrafish	[40]
	pept1	Peptide Transporter 1 / Intestinal hydrogen peptide cotransporter and responsive to leptin signal	Zebrafish	[41]
	slc2a5	Solute carrier family 2 member 5 / Fructose transporter in small intestine	Zebrafish	[40]
	sglt1	Sodium/glucose co-transporters 1 / Glucose and galactose transporter in small intestine	Goldfish	[42]
Brain expressed appetite regulating genes	agrp (agrp1)	Agouti related neuropeptide / Orexigenic effects	Zebrafish	[43, 44]
	apln, aplnr	Apelin, agtrl1 Ligand and its receptor / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish	[45, 46]
	cart1-4	Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcripts / Anorexigenic effects	Zebrafish	[47, 48]
	cnr1	Cannabinoid receptor 1 / Orexigenic effects	Zebrafish	[47, 49]
	crh	Corticotropin-releasing hormone / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[50, 51]
	dbi	Diazepam binding inhibitor, octadecaneuropeptide / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[52, 53]
	galn, galr1,2	Galanin/GMAP prepropeptide and its receptors / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[54–56]
	ghsr	Ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor) / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[37–39]
	gnrh2,3 gnrhr1-4	Gonadotropin releasing hormone 2 and 3, and their receptors / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[57, 58]
	hcrt	Orexin, hypocretin neuropeptide precursor / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[59–61]
	kiss1, kiss1r	Prepro-Kisspeptin 1 and its receptor / Anorexigenic effects	Sea bass	[62]
	mc4r	Melanocortin 4 receptor / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[63]
	mch, mchr1,2	Pro-melanin-concentrating hormone and its receptors / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[64, 65]
	nmu	Neuromedin U preproprotein / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[66, 67]
	npy	Prepro-neuropeptide Y / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[68, 69]
	nucb2	Nucleobindin 2/ Nesfatin 1 / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[70–72]
	oxt	Oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide / Anorexigenic effects	Zebrafish	[73]
	pacap	Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[74]
	pomc	Pro-opiomelanocortin preproprotein / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[75–77]
	pyy	Prepro-peptide YY / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish	[78]
	scg2	Secretogranin 2/ Secretoneurin / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish	[79, 80]
	spx	Spexin Hormone / Anorexigenic effects	Goldfish Zebrafish	[81, 82]
	trh	Thyrotropin-releasing hormone / Orexigenic effects	Goldfish	[83]