Table 2. Characteristics of the casual animals, exposures, and post-exposure prophylaxis among 437 patients reporting animal exposures compared to a previous study.
| 2006–2011 n = 467 N (%: 95%CI) | 1987–2006 [14] N = 1839 N (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Animal type | Dog | 421 (96.3: 94.1–97.9) | 1639 (97.1) |
| Cat | 16 (3.7: 2.1–5.9) | 49 (2.9) | |
| Pet or stray | Pet | 113 (25.9: 21.8–30.2) | 581 (35.5) |
| Stray | 78 (17.8: 14.3–21.8) | 1057 (64.5) | |
| Unknown/not recorded | 246 (56.3: 51.5–61.0) | ||
| Animal condition | Died | 88 (20.1: 16.5–24.2) | |
| Euthanasia | 100 (22.9: 19.0–27.1) | ||
| Unknown/not recorded | 249 (57.0: 52.2–61.7) | ||
| Exposure contact | Bite | 415 (95.0: 92.5–96.8) | 1814 (98.6) |
| Scratch | 10 (2.3: 1.1–4.2) | ||
| Lick | 7 (1.6: 0.6–3.3) | ||
| Othera | 5 (1.1: 0.4–2.6) | 21 (84) | |
| Bite exposure (n = 415) | Single | 310 (74.7: 70.2–78.8) | |
| Multiple | 13 (3.1: 1.7–5.3) | ||
| Unknown/not recorded | 92 (22.2: 18.3–26.5) | ||
| Body sites of bite exposure(s)b | Face, head, or neck | 21 (4.8: 3.0–7.3) | |
| Fingers | 44 (10.1: 7.4–13.3) | ||
| Upper extremities | 115 (26.3: 22.2–30.7) | ||
| Lower extremities | 151 (34.6: 30.1–39.2) | ||
| Incubation period (days) | ≤30 | 99 (22.7: 18.8–26.9) | 292 (16.0) |
| 30–90 | 184 (42.1: 37.4–46.9) | 498 (27.3) | |
| 91–365 | 81 (18.5: 15.0–22.5) | 785 (43.0) | |
| >365 | 41 (9.4: 6.8–12.5) | 251 (13.7) | |
| Unknown/no record | 33 (7.6: 5.3–10.4) | ||
| Rabies vaccine and RIG as post-exposure prophylaxis | No vaccine and No RIG | 395 (90.4: 87.2–93.0) | 1808 (98.3) |
| 1 dose, no RIG | 20 (4.6: 2.8–7.0) | ||
| 1 dose + RIG | 4 (0.9: 0.2–2.3) | 8 (0.4) | |
| 2 doses No RIG | 7 (1.6: 0.6–3.3) | 22 (1.1)c | |
| 2 doses + RIG | 1 (0.2: 0.00–1.3) | ||
| ≥3 doses, No RIG | 8 (1.8: 0.8–3.6) | ||
| ≥3 doses + RIG | 2 (0.5: 0.0–1.6) | 1 (0.05)e |
95%CI: 95% confidence interval. RIG, rabies immunoglobulin.
aMost other reported exposures were dog meat consumption or cooking raw animal meat
bmultiple choice
cthe doses of rabies vaccines were not clearly indicated
eRIG treatment was delayed for 2 days after animal exposure. The patient experienced multiple facial bites. RIG was administered intramuscularly.