Table 4. Barriers faced the participants during the lockdown periods, and association with number of staff and types of pharmacy.
| Main barriers in implementing telepharmacy | Association with number of staff | Association with pharmacy type | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup, N staff | Barrier | Not barrier | Not sure | Total | P | Subgroup, Type | Barrier | Not barrier | Not sure | Total | P | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||||||||
| No plan and/or instruction (e.g. no instructions given) | 120 | 100 | 31 | 251 | 0.83 | 120 | 100 | 31 | 251 | <0.001 | ||
| < 3 | 87 (47.5) | 72 (39.3) | 24 (13.1) | 183 (100) | Group/ Chain | 65 (38.0) | 78 (45.6) | 28 (16.4) | 171 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 33 (48.5) | 28 (41.2) | 7 (10.3) | 68 (100) | Individual | 55 (68.8) | 22 (27.5) | 3 (3.8) | 80 (100) | |||
| Lack of financial support (e.g. no budget for tools and applications) | 133 | 83 | 24 | 240 | 0.036 | 133 | 83 | 24 | 240 | 0.002 | ||
| < 3 | 102 (58.6) | 52 (29.9) | 20 (11.5) | 174 (100) | Group/ Chain | 79 (47.9) | 67 (40.6) | 19 (11.5) | 165 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 31 (47.0) | 31 (47.0) | 4 (6.0) | 66 (100) | Individual | 54 (72.0) | 16 (21.3) | 5 (6.7) | 75 (100) | |||
| Lack of expert staff using telepharmacy (phone/apps/website) services | 109 | 92 | 30 | 230 | 0.53 | 109 | 92 | 30 | 230 | <0.001 | ||
| < 3 | 79 (45.9) | 69 (40.1) | 24 (14.0) | 172 (100) | Group/ Chain | 49 (32.7) | 74 (49.3) | 27 (18.0) | 150 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 30 (51.7) | 23 (39.7) | 5 (8.6) | 58 (100) | Individual | 60 (75.0) | 18 (22.5) | 2 (2.5) | 80 (100) | |||
| Low number of staff | 195 | 69 | 8 | 271 | 1 | 195 | 69 | 8 | 271 | 0.014 | ||
| < 3 | 142 (72.1) | 50 (25.4) | 5 (2.5) | 197 (100) | Group/ Chain | 130 (69.9) | 54 (29.0) | 2 (1.1) | 186 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 53 (71.6) | 19 (25.7) | 2 (2.7) | 74 (100) | Individual | 65 (76.5) | 15 (17.6) | 5 (5.9) | 85 (100) | |||
| Insufficient technical support e.g. (support for tools and applications) | 161 | 63 | 26 | 249 | 0.46 | 161 | 63 | 26 | 249 | 0.002 | ||
| < 3 | 109 (63.0) | 44 (25.4) | 20 (11.6) | 173 (100) | Group/ Chain | 99 (57.9) | 49 (28.7) | 23 (13.5) | 171 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 52 (68.4) | 19 (25.0) | 5 (6.6) | 76 (100) | Individual | 62 (79.5) | 14 (17.9) | 2 (2.6) | 78 (100) | |||
| Insufficient Training | 115 | 96 | 21 | 231 | 0.039 | 115 | 96 | 21 | 231 | 0.006 | ||
| < 3 | 90 (54.5) | 60 (36.4) | 15 (9.1) | 165 (100) | Group/ Chain | 67 (43.2) | 70 (45.2) | 18 (11.6) | 155 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 25 (37.9) | 36 (54.5) | 5 (7.6) | 66 (100) | Individual | 48 (63.2) | 26 (34.2) | 2 (2.6) | 76 (100) | |||
| Lack of time due to high workload (e.g. serving large number of customers everyday) | 174 | 77 | 31 | 282 | 0.001 | 174 | 77 | 30 | 281 | 0.15 | ||
| < 3 | 125 (66.5) | 52 (27.7) | 11 (5.9) | 188 (100) | Group/ Chain | 116 (58.9) | 56 (28.4) | 25 (12.7) | 197 (100) | |||
| ≥ 3 | 49 (52.7) | 25 (26.9) | 19 (20.4) | 93 (100) | Individual | 58 (69.0) | 21 (25.0) | 5 (6.0) | 84 (100) | |||
Fonts in Bold indicate statistically significant values, i.e., P < 0.05