Table 2.
Univariate analysis results of the patients according to the 30-day mortality
| Variables, median (IQR) | All patients (n = 575) | Survivor (n = 542) | Non-survivor (n = 33) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (59–77) | 68 (58–77) | 72 (66–86.5) | 0.002 |
| SBP, mmHg | 143 (125–163) | 143 (125–163) | 140 (109.5–163) | 0.132 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81 (71–90) | 81 (71–90) | 80 (61–92) | 0.209 |
| HR, per min | 93 (80–106) | 93 (80–106) | 94 (84.5–104) | 0.860 |
| RR, per min | 22 (20–24) | 22 (20–24) | 22 (20.5–24) | 0.154 |
| SpO2, % | 91 (88–94) | 92 (89–94) | 87 (82.5–90.5) | < 0.001 |
| Fever, ℃ | 36.4 (36.2–36.7) | 36.4 (36.2–36.7) | 36.4 (36.7) | 0.199 |
| WBC, per mm3 | 8.7 (7.1–10.3) | 8.7 (7.1–10.4) | 8.7 (6.5–9.8) | 0.619 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 17.2 (14.0–23.8) | 17.2 (13.5–22.8) | 27.1 (18.4–62.1) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.80 (0.63–1.05) | 0.79 (0.63–1.02) | 1.17 (0.61–1.60) | 0.005 |
| pH | 7.37 (7.34–7.40) | 7.37 (7.34–7.40) | 7.34 (7.25–7.39) | 0.006 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 48.2 (42.7–55.9) | 47.9 (42.6–55.2) | 54.9 (42.7–74.3) | 0.012 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/l | 27.6 (25.0–30.2) | 27.5 (25–30) | 29.4 (25.3–34.9) | 0.088 |
| Lactate, mmol/l | 1.7 (1.4–2.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | 2 (1.4–2.7) | 0.061 |
| Base excess, mmol/l | 2.5 (0.5–4.6) | 2.4 (0.5–4.6) | 3.4 (0.2–9.0) | 0.228 |
| ED LOS, h | 4.0 (2.5–7.0) | 4 (2.5–7.0) | 5.5 (3.5–9.2) | 0.010 |
| NEWS | 7 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 7 (7–9) | < 0.001 |
| CREWS | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | 7 (5–8) | < 0.001 |
| S-NEWS | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (5–8) | < 0.001 |
| qNEWS | 2 (0–2) | 2 (0–2) | 2 (2–3) | 0.005 |
| qSOFA | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0.5–1.0) | 0.005 |
IQR interquartile range, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, SPO2 peripheral oxygen saturation, WBC white blood cell, BUN blood urea nitrogen, ED LOS emergency department length of stay, NEWS National Early Warning Score, CREWS Chronic Respiratory Early Warning Score, S-NEWS Salford-National Early Warning Score, qNEWS Quick National Early Warning Score, qSOFA Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score
*Mann–Whitney U test
p < 0.05 considered significant