Table 1.
Characteristics of the ASD (N = 42) and control groups (N = 42)
| Age group | Diagnostic group | Age | Musical training | NVIQ | ROWPVT-IV | Corsi | Digit span | AQ | EQ | SQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Children (N = 28) |
ASD | 9.42(1.19) | 1.43(2.26) | 73.93(26.11) | 125.57(11.47) | 4.79(0.80) | 5.33(1.26) | 95.86(23.18) | 19.14(5.87) | 29.71(10.88) |
| control | 9.35(1.44) | 1.29(0.99) | 83.57(20.80) | 123.36(11.13) | 5.29(1.27) | 5.64(0.93) | 47.77(19.70) | 39.00(9.26) | 26.77(4.40) | |
| Comparison statistics: Bayesian | ||||||||||
| W | 94.5 | 115 | 113 | 67 | 112.5 | 104 | 13 | 171.5 | 73 | |
| BF01 | 2.84 | 2.48 | 2.39 | 2.02 | 2.10 | 2.44 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 2.18 | |
| Median | 0.003 | − 0.14 | − 0.17 | 0.28 | − 0.24 | − 0.15 | 1.20 | − 1.20 | 0.21 | |
| 95%CI | [− 0.64,0.66] | [− 0.83,0.52] | [− 0.90,0.51] | [− 0.36,1.00] | [− 0.99,0.42] | [− 0.90,0.52] | [0.34,2.10] | [− 2.05, − 0.33] | [− 0.45,0.93] | |
|
Adolescents (N = 20) |
ASD | 13.95(1.38) | 3.40(3.06) | 55(31.00) | 116.2(18.71) | 5.7(1.57) | 5.7(1.06) | 37.10(5.69) | 13.00(6.67) | 47.60(11.72) |
| control | 13.77(1.09) | 3.10(3.00) | 77(20.17) | 134.3(12.46) | 6.2(1.40) | 6.2(0.79) | 15.40(7.31) | 45.63(12.46) | 34.88(13.94) | |
| Comparison statistics: Bayesian | ||||||||||
| W | 47.5 | 45 | 74 | 78 | 60 | 68 | 0 | 40 | 9 | |
| BF01 | 2.43 | 2.21 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 2.10 | 1.60 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 1.07 | |
| Median | 0.03 | 0.15 | − 0.61 | − 0.66 | − 0.19 | -0.34 | 1.36 | − 1.13 | 0.53 | |
| 95%CI | [− 0.73,0.74] | [− 0.57,0.95] | [− 1.55,0.17] | [− 1.61,0.14] | [-0.98,0.53] | [− 1.23,0.42] | [0.32,2.49] | [− 2.57,0.00] | [− 0.39,1.71] | |
|
Adults (N = 36) |
ASD | 35.47(13.07) | 4.50(6.50) | 50.00(28.54) | 111.47(13.74) | 5.72(1.49) | 7.00(1.72) | 35.83(9.21) | 22.89(9.85) | 79.17(28.55) |
| control | 35.34(12.88) | 5.14(7.03) | 41.94(29.06) | 108.78(13.61) | 6.06(1.00) | 7.06(1.11) | 15.06(6.53) | 48.22(13.74) | 49.89(16.31) | |
| Comparison statistics: Bayesian | ||||||||||
| W | 162.5 | 158.5 | 135.5 | 143.5 | 190.5 | 171 | 15 | 307.5 | 65.5 | |
| BF01 | 3.01 | 2.93 | 2.53 | 2.81 | 2.30 | 2.84 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | |
| Median | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.13 | − 0.23 | − 0.08 | 1.35 | − 1.31 | 0.84 | |
| 95%CI | [− 0.55,0.62] | [− 0.54,0.65] | [− 0.44,0.81] | [− 0.44,0.76] | [− 0.86,0.38] | [− 0.71,0.53] | [0.58,2.15] | [− 2.06, − 0.55] | [0.17,1.55] | |
Age and Musical training are in years; NVIQ and ROWPVT-IV are percentile points of nonverbal IQ and standard scores of receptive verbal ability respectively; Corsi and Digit span are the raw scores of nonverbal and verbal short-term memory respectively; AQ, EQ and SQ are the scores of Autism Spectrum, Empathy and Systemizing Quotient respectively. Bayes factors from a default prior 2-tailed Bayesian Mann–Whitney-Wilcoxon Test are expressed in terms of the Bayes factor in favour of the null hypothesis of no difference (BF01). The delta effect size in these Bayesian comparisons is given by the median of a posterior distribution and 95% credible intervals