Table 4.
Moderator analyses for categorical moderators.
| Pooled effects | Overall | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binary/categorical | Continuous | |||
| n | RR [95% CI] | n | g [95% CI] | |
| Specific intervention type | ||||
| Medication only | 257 | 1.13 [1.02, 1.26] | 2 | – |
| Psychotherapy and medication combined | 42 | 1.00 [0.84, 1.20] | 9 | − 0.10 [− 0.22, 0.01] |
| CT/CBT | 26 | 1.15 [0.81, 1.64] | 12 | − 0.17 [− 0.39, 0.04] |
| Mixed psychotherapy modalities | 4 | – | 8 | − 0.04 [− 0.30, 0.22] |
| Psychoeducation | 4 | – | 4 | – |
| DBT | 5 | 1.11 [0.66, 1.86] | 2 | – |
| Parenting skills training | 4 | – | 1 | – |
| Control group type | ||||
| No treatment | 6 | 0.83 [0.69, 1.01] | 8 | − 0.19 [− 0.78, 0.40] |
| Placebo | 194 | 1.22 [1.08, 1.38] | 4 | – |
| Active treatment | 162 | 1.03 [0.94, 1.13] | 38 | − 0.01 [− 0.10, 0.07] |
| Medication class | ||||
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 95 | 1.20 [1.02, 1.42] | 3 | – |
| Atypical antipsychotic | 51 | 1.05 [0.79, 1.37] | 0 | – |
| Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 58 | 1.18 [0.98, 1.43] | 0 | – |
| Atypical antidepressant | 20 | 0.83 [0.46, 1.51] | 0 | – |
| Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist | 10 | 0.97 [0.53, 1.78] | 0 | – |
| Hypnotic | 5 | 0.64 [0.27, 1.50] | 0 | – |
| Mood stabilizer | 5 | 0.84 [0.38, 1.87] | 0 | – |
| Combination | 5 | 0.68 [0.12, 4.07] | 0 | – |
| Sample severity | ||||
| General | 24 | 0.91 [0.79, 1.04] | 7 | − 0.13 [− 0.35, 0.08] |
| Clinical | 318 | 1.13 [1.04, 1.23] | 24 | 0.02 [− 0.07, 0.11] |
| SITB | 20 | 0.96 [0.79, 1.17] | 19 | − 0.14 [− 0.37, 0.08] |
| Age group | ||||
| Children | 4 | – | 0 | – |
| Children and adolescents | 340 | 1.06 [0.98, 1.14] | 48 | − 0.04 [− 0.13, 0.05] |
| Intervention target type | ||||
| SITBs | 51 | 0.97 [0.86, 1.10] | 28 | − 0.09 [− 0.25, 0.07] |
| Psychopathology | 300 | 1.12 [1.03, 1.23] | 20 | − 0.01 [− 0.10, 0.08] |
| Other | 11 | 1.04 [0.59, 1.83] | 2 | – |
| Treatment components | ||||
| Individual only | 285 | 1.12 [1.02, 1.23] | 14 | − 0.08 [− 0.32, 0.17] |
| Family only | 7 | 1.11 [0.93, 1.31] | 3 | – |
| Group only | 7 | 1.17 [0.98, 1.41] | 5 | 0.003 [− 0.23, 0.23] |
| Individual and family | 54 | 1.12 [0.91, 1.39] | 16 | − 0.07 [− 0.17, 0.02] |
| Individual, family, and group | 3 | – | 8 | 0.11 [− 0.16, 0.38] |
| School–based | 6 | 0.81 [0.64, 1.01] | 4 | – |
| Individual skills training provided | 81 | 1.07 [0.93, 1.24] | 35 | − 0.06 [− 0.15, 0.03] |
| Designed or adapted for adolescents | 88 | 1.01 [0.89, 1.15] | 45 | − 0.06 [− 0.16, 0.04] |
| Study quality | ||||
| Weak | 171 | 1.06 [0.95, 1.17] | 26 | − 0.02 [− 0.13, 0.09] |
| Moderate | 179 | 1.05 [0.95, 1.17] | 18 | − 0.09 [− 0.22, 0.04] |
| Strong | 12 | 2.57 [1.34, 4.93] | 6 | 0.07 [− 0.28, 0.42] |
| Therapist training and adherence | ||||
| Therapist adherence check | 91 | 1.00 [0.89, 1.13] | 35 | − 0.04 [− 0.15, 0.07] |
| Therapist pre-treatment training | 86 | 1.00 [0.89, 1.13] | 36 | − 0.02 [− 0.13, 0.08] |
Estimates were not reported for analyses involving fewer than five effect sizes to improve the reliability and accuracy of estimates. n number of effect sizes, RR weighted mean risk ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Dashes indicate unavailable information. Bold indicates an effect estimate which is significantly different from pooled effects (i.e., nonoverlapping confidence intervals).