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. 2022 Apr 2;127(2):301–312. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01798-3

Fig. 2. Sub-group specific association between genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and paediatric germ cell tumour (GCT) risk: results from the Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

Fig. 2

a Presents results using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Codd et al. [27] genetic instrument excluding TERT and b presents results using SNPs from Li et al. [32] genetic instrument excluding TERT. Forest plots (left) show the effect estimate per subgroup from the meta-analysis, and overall MR estimates using MR Egger, weighted median, and inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) estimators (N = 1413). Odds ratio is for every 1 kb increase in LTL. Footnote: Sample size indicated in parenthesis (n = #) represents the total number of cases which includes those in the complete trios and in the case–control analyses. Subgroup analysis included trios, Hispanic and White case–control only samples to get stable estimates. African American and Asian case–control samples were not included in subgroup analyses (only overall analyses) due to the small sample size.