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. 2022 Jul 20;30(9):1269–1278.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.012

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High CD4+ T cell reactivity to OC43 is associated with high pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 immunity

(A and B) Antigen-specific T cell responses were measured as the percentage of AIM+ (OX40+CD137+) CD4+ T cells after stimulation of PBMCs with peptides pools for (A) CCC (OC43) and SARS-CoV-2 (representing pre-existing immunity in pre-pandemic samples), (B) CMV as a control.

(C) Recent activated CCC (OC43) specific T cell responses were measured by calculating the percent of HLA-DR+CD38+ of AIM+ (OX40⁺CD137⁺) CD4+ T cells.

(D) Plasma IgG titers to CCC viruses (OC43) spike receptor binding domain (RBD) protein were measured by ELISA.

(A–D) Each dot represents the response of an individual subject (n = 32) at the first time point with the median bar shown. High responders for OC43 (above the median bar in A) are shown in gray, and low responders for OC43 (below the median bar in A) are shown in red. The different immune responses between high and low responders were compared using Mann-Whitney test, and p values < 0.05 are considered statistically significant.