TABLE 3.

Associations of changes in BMI with changes in global cognition and cognitive domains

		Global cognition		Episodic memory		Attention/working memory		Language		Executive functions
Independent variables		Coef. (SE)	P‐value	Coef. (SE)	P‐value	Coef. (SE)	P‐value	Coef. (SE)	P‐value	Coef. (SE)	P‐value
Last BMI – Baseline BMI (∆BMIlast‐bl, reference group: BMI change < 5%)	Time	−0.041	<.001	−0.001	.739	−0.046	<.001	−0.059	<.001	−0.073	<.001
		(0.002)		(0.003)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.003)
	Decrease ≥5%	0.030	.001	0.041	.017	−0.012	.292	0.039	.001	−0.017	.323
		(0.009)		(0.017)		(0.011)		(0.012)		(0.017)
	Increase ≥5%	0.029	.005	−0.012	.541	0.016	.205	0.025	.076	−0.032	.109
		(0.010)		(0.020)		(0.013)		(0.014)		(0.020)
	Decrease ≥5%∙ time	−0.026	<.001	−0.033	<.001	−0.014	<.001	−0.027	<.001	−0.163	<.001
		(0.0030)		(0.004)		(0.003)		(0.004)		(0.004)
	Increase ≥5%∙ time	−0.025	<.001	−0.024	<.001	−0.017	<.001	−0.036	<.001	−0.010	.051
		(0.003)		(0.005)		(0.003)		(0.004)		(0.005)
Average BMI – Baseline BMI (∆BMImean‐bl, reference group: BMI change < 5%)	Time	−0.046	<.001	−0.006	.013	−0.049	<.001	−0.066	<.001	−0.076	<.001
		(0.002)		(0.003)		(0.002)		(0.002)		(0.003)
	Decrease ≥5%	0.029	.003	0.074	<.001	−0.016	.177	0.034	.011	−0.016	.402
		(0.010)		(0.019)		(0.012)		(0.013)		(0.019)
	Increase ≥5%	0.026	.025	0.018	.405	0.028	.047	0.010	.522	−0.003	.881
		(0.012)		(0.022)		(0.014)		(0.016)		(0.023)
	Decrease ≥5%∙ time	−0.273	<.001	−0.040	<.001	−0.015	<.001	−0.028	<.001	−0.018	<.001
		(0.003)		(0.005)		(0.003)		(0.004)		(0.004)
	Increase ≥5%∙ time	−0.017	<.001	−0.017	.003	−0.015	<.001	−0.013	.007	−0.008	.147
		(0.004)		(0.006)		(0.004)		(0.005)		(0.006)
Quartiles of SD of ∆BMI (∆BMI‐SD, reference group: lowest quartile of SD)	Time	−0.040	<.001	0.006	.166	−0.044	<.001	−0.059	<.001	−0.067	<.001
		(0.003)		(0.004)		(0.003)		(0.003)		(0.004)
	Quartile 2	0.019	.099	0.032	.163	0.022	.121	0.005	.778	0.013	.548
		(0.012)		(0.023)		(0.015)		(0.016)		(0.022)
	Quartile 3	0.008	.496	0.017	.447	0.009	.531	0.003	.872	0.029	.193
		(0.012)		(0.023)		(0.015)		(0.016)		(0.022)
	Quartile 4	0.031	.008	0.011	.622	0.023	.121	0.018	.249	0.039	.086
		(0.012)		(0.023)		(0.015)		(0.016)		(0.023)
	Quartile 2∙ time	−0.007	.069	−0.016	.003	−0.005	.144	−0.007	.125	−0.003	.508
		(0.004)		(0.006)		(0.004)		(0.005)		(0.005)
	Quartile 3∙ time	−0.015	<.001	0.028	<.001	−0.011	.002	−0.016	.001	−0.017	.001
		(0.004)		(0.006)		(0.004)		(0.005)		(0.005)
	Quartile 4∙ time	−0.027	<.001	−0.030	<.001	−0.022	<.001	−0.026	<.001	−0.031	<.001
		(0.004)		(0.006)		(0.004)		(0.005)		(0.005)

Note: Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, years of education, years of follow‐up, baseline diagnosis (CN vs. MCI), FAQ, GDS, APOE genotype, number of medications (reflecting comorbidities), and indicators for history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia.

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; Coef, Coefficient; SE, standard error.